1. Level 2 T HE E RA OF G OOD F EELINGS

2. Vocabulary Sectionalism: loyalty to a section of a country instead of the nation itself Inflation: Protective Tariff: tax on imported goods Internal Expansion: continued settlement of uninhabited land within a country Toll: fee paid to continue traveling on a road Canal: a man made body of water used for trade and travel Lock: system used on the canals to increase and decrease water levels as the elevation of the terrain around the canal changed. Slavery: when one person holds control over another person Interstate Commerce: trade between states

3. What were some of the major issues the new nation faced?

4. Purpose: To balance the nations industry, agriculture and commerce to improve internal trade. The plan: Protective tariff: to protect US industry and increase trade between states. West would sell food products (Breadbasket), South would trade raw materials like cotton, North would trade manufactured goods. National bank: increase commerce, stabilize currency and credit Federal funds for internal improvement: roads, railroads and canals to help bring agricultural products to market and manufactured goods back to the South and West Where would the government get the money for it? Tariff Land sales

7. Internal Expansion New Roads Turnpikes: toll roads built by private citizens or by the federal government Corduroy Roads: made of logs to keep wagons from getting stuck in the mud National Road (Cumberland Road): ran east to west starting in Baltimore and eventually ending in Illinois

8. Internal Expansion 1795, The Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike Road was one of the first major turnpikes Built of broken stone and gravel Marked the beginning of organized roads Collected tolls from travelers to pay for the road

10. Internal Expansion Canals: Canals were built to connect interior waterways. 3,300 miles of canals by 1840 Flatboats or Packet boats were used because of the shallow waters of the canals and their ability to carry heavy cargo. Erie Canal in NYS joined the Great Lakes and the Hudson River which led to the port of NY (NYC)

11. Internal Expansion Canals: Locks had to be used due to the change in elevation and water level.

12. Internal Expansion

14. Steam boats: Fulton launched the Clermont on the Hudson River and went from NYC to Albany. Steamboats soon began traveling all over the eastern coast. Steamboats carried people and goods on the Mississippi, Ohio and Missouri rivers.

15. Internal Expansion Railroad: Small railroad companies were chartered as early as 1815. 1827 1 st major railroad the Baltimore and Ohio was chartered. 1840 3,300 miles of Railroads were in the states. Helped connect the east with the west for trade and travel

16. Travel Times

17. National Assertions Marshall’s decision, i.e., Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) – NY law tried to control steamboat travel between NY and NJ – Supreme Court case which ruled that Congress couldn’t regulate trade within a single state, it could regulate trade between states and in the navigable rivers where interstate and foreign trade goods were moved

18. Extension of Slavery by the Missouri Compromise 1819- 11 slave states and 11 free states Missouri asked to join the Union as a slave state. Henry Clay made a compromise to let Maine into the Union as a free state and Missouri in as a slave state in 1820 It drew an imaginary line across the 36 degree latitude 20’N line. This was the southern border of Missouri; all territory north of the line would be a free state in the future. This kept a balance of power in the Senate.

19. The Monroe Doctrine Threats to Latin America: – Russia threatened expansion to America’s west coast. – France, Russia, Prussia and Austria considered reclaiming lost colonies in Latin America that had received independence by warring with Spain. Monroe Doctrine: Originally a British idea, the statement made by President Monroe warning against European expansion of power in the Western Hemisphere. – America was not open to European colonization. – US wouldn’t interfere in European affairs – If European countries interfered in any part of the America’s it would be considered an act against the US. US didn’t have military power to back it up but Britain was happy to do it with its navy hoping that the US would do it later.

20. Disputed Election of 1824 1 political party 4 candidates – John Quincy Adams (New England) – Henry Clay (West) – Andrew Jackson (West) – William Crawford (South) No one won the majority. Election went to the House of Representatives Clay was out of the race because he finished in last place. Clay was the Speaker of the House and was influential in urging members to vote for Adams. Adams won and appointed Clay as Secretary of State. Jackson and his supporters accused Adams and Clay of making a corrupt bargain and stealing the election from Jackson.

21. What were some of the major issues the new nation faced?