1. By Raphael Medang,& Dr Gbaguidi Emmanuel Availability of Condoms in the context of Social Marketing in Central Africa: Analysis of sales volumes before and after a stock- out situation.

2. By Raphael Medang,& Dr Gbaguidi Emmanuel Condoms Consistent use = One of the highest HIV prevention method Need for permanent and equitable access. INTRODUCTION (1)

3. By Raphael Medang,& Dr Gbaguidi Emmanuel Describe evolution in the condom availability in the regions covered by PPSAC just before and immediately after a stock-out situation. INTRODUCTION (2)

4. By Raphael Medang,& Dr Gbaguidi Emmanuel A cross-sectionnal and descriptive study Comparison of the estimated means in 45 regions. Source data: Social Marketing Associations (SMA) - Cameroon, Congo, CAR and Chad. Basic Principle : Condom bought = Condom used. METHODOLOGY (1)

5. By Raphael Medang,& Dr Gbaguidi Emmanuel 1.Quarter occuring just before stock-out; 2.Quarter beginning recovery of supply, resulting from the stock-out situation. Periods: Evaluation : Z-test Null hypothesis rejected if Z > 1.96 (α=0.05) METHODOLOGY (2)

6. By Raphael Medang,& Dr Gbaguidi Emmanuel RESULTS (1)

7. By Raphael Medang,& Dr Gbaguidi Emmanuel IMMEDIATELY BEFORE STOCK- OUT 1.Average quarterly sales (μ 1 ) : 189535,2 (CI 95% μ 1 = [106167,9 ; 272902,8]) 2.Interquartiles range : [25200 – 193824]. 3.Standard Deviation (S m1 ): 42534,4 4.34 regions out of 45 (75.6%) had levels of sales < to μ 1. IMMEDIATELY AFTER STOCK- OUT 1.Average quarterly sales(μ 2 ) : 111 636,9 (CI 95% μ 2 = [54201,3; 169072,4]) 2.Interquartiles range : [18000 – 85800]. 3.Standard Deviation(S m2 ): 29303,9 4. 38 regions out of 45 (84.4%) had levels of sales < to μ 2. PARAMETERS OF THE DISTRIBUTION (1)

8. By Raphael Medang,& Dr Gbaguidi Emmanuel PARAMETERS OF THE DISTRIBUTION (2) The difference in the means before and after stock-out was: + 77898.3 (CI 95% μ 1 -μ 2 = [19210,9 ; 136585,8]) Standard deviation of the difference (S md ): 29942,6 Z = 2,60 (p<0,01).

9. By Raphael Medang,& Dr Gbaguidi Emmanuel Availability of condoms, higher in the quarter preceding stock-out, than in the one starting resumption of supplies. 1.High dispersion of the sample; 2.Probably not a single control measure taken at first suspicion of stock-out. Expected balance not performed. Effect of stock-out in consumption habits ? DISCUSSION (1)

10. By Raphael Medang,& Dr Gbaguidi Emmanuel More than ¾ of the regions’ sales, below average both before and after stock-out. Distribution detrimental to the social marketing process of condoms in the region Availability of condoms = more business oriented than public health oriented? DISCUSSION (2)

11. By Raphael Medang,& Dr Gbaguidi Emmanuel M. L. Rothschild argues that the weakness of the distribution of a brand is a failure criteria of social marketing. Reminder: in « Building Strong Brands » DISCUSSION (3)

12. By Raphael Medang,& Dr Gbaguidi Emmanuel Although stock- outs are unacceptable It will be important to control their effects, upstream and downstream (where applicable). DISCUSSION (4)

13. By Raphael Medang,& Dr Gbaguidi Emmanuel An effort of equity should be made It should be allowed to anyone, at any place whatsoever, to have equal probability of acquiring a condom Purpose = equal accessibility of condoms for all. Be it rural or urban area CONCLUSION (1)

14. By Raphael Medang,& Dr Gbaguidi Emmanuel AVAILABILITY AND ACCESSIBILITY IN CONDOMS SHOULD COMBINE NOT ONLY VOLUME OF PRODUCTS, BUT ALSO GEOGRAPHIC AREAS COVERED. CONCLUSION (2)