1. PSA PLANT OXYGEN GENERATION SYSTEMS

2. 1. PSA Description 2. Molecular Sieves 3. Process ( Adsorption and Desorption) 4. Application for PSA process 5. Application of Oxygen Gas 6. Advantages and Disadvantages of PSA techniques 7. Bibliography

3. Air Air, mixture of gases that composes the atmosphere surrounding Earth. As we know Air contains 21% Oxygen, 0.03% CO2, 78% Nitrogen, 0.9% Argon and 0.1% other trace gases. Oxygen generation systems separate this oxygen from Compressed Air through a unique process called Pressure Swing Adsorption. (PSA).

4. PSA stands for Pressure Swing Adsorption. Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) is a technology used to separate some gas species from a mixture of gases under pressure according to the species' molecular characteristics and affinity for an adsorbent material.

5. Molecular Sieves is a material that can absorb large amount of moisture and certain other gases. (Used in separation of mixture). It containing tiny pores of uniform size that is used as an adsorbent for gases and liquid. Molecular Sieves comes in different Type, 3A, 4A, 5A and 13X ( used in oxygen plants).

6. It is a form of SODIUM base - type -X crystal structure (Pore diameter of MS is 10angstrom (i.e. - 1.0nm) ) It absorbs the kinetic diameter less than 10A and excluded the larger size. They are in the form of pellets & spheres It is commonly used for the separation of N2, from O2. This is its unique Characteristics. Application of Molecular Sieve 13X are: PSA Plant, Carbon dioxide (CO2) Removal, Mercaptans removal from LPG, Aerosol industries. Etc..

7. Process: Pressure swing adsorption processes rely on the fact that under high pressure, gases tend to be attracted to solid surfaces, or "adsorbed". It has 2-vessels filled with molecular sieves. Clean compressed air at 30º c temp. Is passed through 1-vessel and oxygen comes out as product gas. The other vessel is depressurized to atmospheric pressure and purged with little quantity of oxygen coming out from other vessel. Let see the process step by step:

8. Step-I: Compression feed air and conditioning: Using an air compressor, the ambient air gets compresses, dried by an air dryer and then filtered before entering the process vessels.

9. Step II: Adsorption: The next step in the process of producing oxygen is the adsorption process. The process removes impurities and produces almost 100% pure oxygen. The pre-treated air passes through a vessel filled with zeolite molecular sieve (zms). Here nitrogen and other gases get adsorbed and most of the oxygen passes and this continues till zms is fully exhausted. Step III: Desorption ( Regeneration): The saturated zms is regenerated. This is done by pressure reduction, using a simple pressure release system. This is after the adsorption process. The waste stream moves into atmosphere. While regenerated adsorbent is purged with oxygen. This is again used for the generation of oxygen.

10. PSA is Primary used in Oil Refineries. The separation of carbon dioxide from biogas to increase the methane (CH 4 ) content. Nitrogen generator units employ the PSA technique. PSA technology has a major use in the medical industry to produce oxygen. Etc..

11. Step IV: Receiver: The adsorption and desorption process take place at equal time intervals, and there is continuous generation of oxygen. By using a connected oxygen receiver, a constant product flow and purity is maintained, which can store the oxygen with purities up to 95%.

13. PSA is Primary used in Refineries. The separation of carbon dioxide from biogas to increase the methane (CH 4 ) content. Nitrogen generator units employ the PSA technique. PSA technology has a major use in the medical industry to produce oxygen. Etc..

14. Metal Industry:- Oxygen is heavily used in the metal industry where it helps to increase burning temperature by the production of ferrous and non-ferrous metals and significantly improve the overall process efficiency. Chemical and Petrochemical Industries:- In the chemical and petrochemical industries, oxygen is widely used for oxidation of raw chemicals. Pulp and Paper Manufacturing:- Oxygen is increasingly important as a bleaching chemicals..

15. Hospitals and Fish Farming :- The use of oxygen in the fish farming helps increase the survival and fertility ratios and reduce the incubation period Along with fish culture, oxygen is applied for shrimps, crabs and mussels rearing. Glass Industry:- Glass manufacturing is a high-temperature, energy-intensive activity, resulting in the emission of combustion by-products (sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen oxides) and the high-temperature oxidation of atmospheric nitrogen ( i.e. Oxygen Combustion method). Ampoules and vials Manufacturing companies are often use oxygen gas. Etc..

16. In Short: Oxygen finds broad application in various technological processes and in almost all industry branches. The primary oxygen application is associated with its capability of sustaining burning process, and the powerful oxidant properties. Due to that, oxygen has become widely used in the metal processing, welding, cutting and brazing processes. In the chemical and petrochemical industries, as well as in the oil and gas sector oxygen is used in commercial volumes as an oxidizer in chemical reactions.

17. Complete automation and simplicity of operation No manned attendance required during operation Enhanced failure safety and reliability Quick start and stop Moderate dimensions and light weight Low noise level Extended operational life Low operating costs No special workshop requirements Easy installation and integration into an existing air system.

18. Relativity low oxygen purity - 93-95% for adsorption Limited capacity.

19. Wikipedia Internet Search www.ogsi.com www.elsevier.comrlocaterfuproc Etc..

20. Thank you