1. Light, Optics and Telescopes The Electromagnetic Spectrum

2. Photons of different energies radiate at different wavelengths or frequencies wavelength x frequency = velocity of light ( c)  = c

3. Atmospheric Windows Visible and radio

4. Physical Properties of Light Refraction

5. Reflection Refraction is wavelength dependent

6. Formation of an image

7. Telescopes -- Refractors Yerkes Observatory – Lake Geneva, Williams Bay Wisconsin

9. 20 th Century Large Reflectors Mt Wilson 100-inch – 100 yrs old Cerro Tololo 4 -meter Palomar 200-inch

10. Modern Observatories Cerro Tololo Interamerican Obs.

11. Kitt Peak National Obs. Tucson Arizona

12. Very Large Telescopes Mauna Kea ESO – VLT

13. MMT on Mt. Hopkins, AZ

14. Minnesota’s $5M (private) investment in a very large telescope (> $100M) Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) Mt. Graham Arizona Design Other partners -- University of Arizona, Germany, Italy, Ohio State University, University of Virginia, Notre Dame

15. Radio Telescopes

16. Arecibo Very Large Array – VLA

17. Telescopes in Space -- other wavelengths – UV, X ray, gamma ray and far-IR