2. Former Soviet Region Compared in Latitude & Area with the United States

3. Themes in Russian History  Expansion by conquest.  Need for warm-water ports.  The necessity of a strong, central government.

4. Early Russia

5. Early Byzantine Influences: Orthodox Christianity

7. Early Byzantine Influences: Cyrillic Alphabet

8. Novgorod

9. Russian Boyars

10. The Mongols Invade Russia

11. Ivan the Great (r. 1462-1505) Ivan III Tearing the Great Khan’s Letter Requesting More Tribute in 1480.

12. Ivan IV Or Ivan the Terrible

18. Michael Romanov (r. 1613-1645)

19. Romanov Dynasty (1613-1917) Romanov Family Crest

22. Peter the Great (r. 1682-1725)

26. Russia & Sweden After the Great Northern War

33. Russia Today

34. Topography of Russia

35. The Pendulum of Russian History Pro-West For Progress & Change Encourage New Ideas, Technologies, etc. Anti-West Isolationist Xenophobic Ultra-Conservative  Most Tsars  Russian Orthodox Church  Military  Boyars  peasants  A few Tsars  Intellectual elites  Merchants/businessmen  Young members of the middle class. REFORM-MINDED LEADER DEMAGOGUE