1. Quality and Productivity Learning Objective – Examine different production techniques Learning Outcomes Identify how technology has changed – E Explain the effects of technology on the production environment – C Evaluate how to improve the production environment - A

2. Starter Activity – Match the example to the correct type of production A car factory A new motorway Taxi Rides A work of Art A new Bridge Bakery Job Batch Flow

3. Activity answers – Match the example to the correct type of production A car factory A new motorway Taxi Rides A work of Art A new Bridge Bakery Job Batch Flow

4. Mechanisation and Automation Technology is constantly changing – particularly over the last 200 years. Mechanisation – Machines driven by steam or water power replaced workers whilst workers operated the machines in the 18 th and 19 th century. Automation – Workers were no longer needed to operate machines – just supervise them Why do you think automation has happened?

5. Activity Ten years of changes in technology (Video)- http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/8434373.st m http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/8434373.st m Questions 1.How have consumers and businesses benefited from advances in technology over the past ten years? 2.What problems are there associated with these advances in technology? 3.Using the video clip and your own ideas – how do you think technology will change in the future?

6. Why has technology been introduced in the production environment? Large amounts can be made – businesses can benefit from economies of scale, what is economies of scale? The productivity of workers improves. Why? The quality of production can be improved. Why? Production can be flexible Repetitious or dangerous jobs can be done by machines rather than people. Paired written task – What are the problems of technology in a production environment? Aim to come up with a list of at least three problems

7. What are the problems of technology in a production environment? Workers may be made redundant which may lead to redundancy costs, a de-motivated existing workforce and problems with trade unions. Recruitment costs may increase as skilled workers may be needed. Existing workers may need re-training. New machinery is very expensive

8. Types of technology – Match up the correct definition to the correct key term Key termDefinition 1. CAD – Computer Aided Design A. This is when the machines used to make the product are controlled by computer. 2. CAM – Computer Aided Manufacture B. This is where a whole factory is controlled by computer 3. CIM – Computer Integrated Manufacture C. This involves the use of computers to design products

9. Lean Production Lean production – is a production system which helps ensure that waste is kept to a minimum. Lean production is associated with Kaizen, this Japanese word means continuous improvement. Kaizen implies that production can always be improved. Quality can be better, production times reduced and costs lowered. In a traditional production line system, workers have no control over their work. It arrives on the production line, which has been designed by someone else. With Kaizen workers have to be involved in the production process. In each cell, workers are part of a team. A problem faced by one worker in the cell is a problem for all the workers in the cell. The cell cannot produce anything if there if there is a problem with one part of it.

11. Questions Name 2 features of lean production Give an example of a type of business that would benefit from employing lean production. What would the advantages be to a business of using lean production? Identify job, batch and flow production - E Explain when job, batch and flow production are likely to be used - C Analyse the advantages and disadvantages of job, batch and flow production – A

12. Just-In-Time manufacturing (JIT) JIT is a method of production where stocks are kept to the minimum levels. Stocks are expensive to keep so as soon as they are delivered to a business, they are used in production. Stocks of finished goods are immediately delivered. For this system to work stocks coming in must be of the right quality. If they aren’t production may have to stop. How can JIT manufacturing benefit a business?

13. Quality Quality – Achieving a standard for a product or service or a production process which meets customers needs. Some products have different specifications to others for example A Rolls Royce may have different parts to a Ford Fiesta – however these products might both be seen as having quality A poor quality product is likely to be one that has faults or does not work properly.

14. Questions 1.What is JIT? 2.What is lean production? 3.Why would a business use JIT production?

15. Quality Control Quality assurance is a system of ensuring that quality standards are met throughout the production process. Quality control is important, it is better to find faults early on in the process, and correct them, before spending more time and resources completing a product only to find it is rejected. Quality control is important because: 1.Poor quality goods wont sell. 2.Producers may have to sell faulty goods at a reduced price 3.Customers may be unhappy and not buy from the business again. 4.Disruption to production

16. Total Quality Management (TQM) Traditional Quality Controls In the past, quality control was seen as part of the chain of production. Once products were made they would be tested for quality by workers called quality controllers or quality inspectors. TQM More and more businesses are moving to TQM. A method for a business to focus on quality by making it an important aim of every department and worker. TQM is a system of management based on the principle that every member of staff must be committed to maintaining high standards of work in every aspect of a company's operations. Explain whether you think a business will benefit more from traditional quality controls or TQM? Why?

17. Paired poster Using any resources you have available to you (books, phones, laptops, anything!!) create an A4 poster with as much information about lean production and TQM as you can. Achievement points for the best poster.

18. Mass Production Mass Production – The production of large quantities of identical products often on an assembly line. Lean Production – A system which attempts to reduce all inputs, from workers to raw materials to factory space, to a minimum in the production process. Activity – Draw a table of the advantages and disadvantages of Mass and Lean production (aim to think of a minimum of 2 for each) AdvantagesDisadvantages Mass production Lean production Example - Less factory space

19. Mass Customisation Mass Customisation - The process of manufacturing a standard product in a large number of different variations to cater for the individual needs of customers. Mass customisation has been made possible by the use of new technologies as machine tools can now be changed quickly so different batches can be produced.

20. Activity Using your knowledge of production (methods, quality, lean production, technology, JIT etc) evaluate how a cushion manufacturer should produce their cushions.

21. Review of learning Think of 2 things you’ve learnt in this topic and 1 question of something you would like to know more about!