1. Major Supreme Court Cases 2.05 & 2.06- Analyze court cases that illustrate that the U.S. Constitution is the supreme law of the land & how the Bill of Rights protects the people.

2. Marbury v. Madison 1803 Article III John Marshall presided. Established Judicial Review

3. McCulloch v. Maryland 1819 Article I Section 8 Maryland attempted to tax U.S. currency Banks – Supremacy Clause <A state cannot tax the Nation… National law supersedes state laws.>

4. Gibbons v. Ogden 1824 Supremacy Clause & Article I. NY, NJ, & the U.S. had conflicting steamboat licenses. National Supremacy over States. Steamboat

5. Furman v. Georgia 1972 8 th Amendment Furman, an African American, robbed a home, was caught, fled & tripped. His gun fired accidentally and he shot the owner. Got the Death Penalty Overturned saying it’s Cruel & Unusual Punishment!

6. Tinker v. Des Moines 1969 1 st Amendment Freedom of Speech at school. Students couldn’t wear armbands to protest the war. 3 students expelled. Sued. Bottom line… you have the right to express yourself – up to a point. Armbands

7. Texas v. Johnson 1989 1 st Amendment Freedom of speech Johnson burned flags of Texas & U.S. Texas said against the law. Burning the American Flag is okay.

8. Miranda v. Arizona 1966 5 th, 6 th, & 14 th Amendment Miranda arrested for kidnapping & rape. Didn’t know his rights and was forced to admit guilt. Miranda Rights are read to you if you are arrested.

9. New Jersey v. T.L.O. 1985 4 th & 14 th Amendment T.L.O. caught smoking in school bathroom and said she didn’t smoke. Purse was searched… found cigarettes, marijuana, and letter of intent to sell. Search and Seizure in Schools Suspicion not Probable Cause

10. Mapp v. Ohio 1961 4 th & 14 th Amendments Mapp hid in house & police enter w/o a warrant & seize evidence… Find her guilty. Evidence seized w/o a search warrant is inadmissible in a court of law. Illegal Evidence

12. Gideon v. Wainwright 1963 6 th Amendment Gideon is homeless, caught stealing, can’t afford lawyer. Prosecution says too bad. Result: Having an attorney is a necessity not a luxury. Right to an Attorney / Lawyer

13. In Re Gault 1966 14 th Amendment 15 year old makes lewd phone calls to neighbor. She calls police & Gault is arrested. Family not notified & no testimony by witness Juvenile Offender

14. Plessy v. Ferguson 1896 14 th Amendment Result: Separate but equal is LEGAL Segregation

15. Examples of Racial Segregation

16. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka 1954 14 th Amendment Result: Separate but equal is ILLEGAL… it overturned Plessy v. Ferguson Desegregation has begun.

17. Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenburg Board of Education 1969-1971 14 th Amendment The Supreme Court permits districts to bus students to particular schools to achieve integration. Sets precedent all over the country. School Busing

18. Korematsu v. U.S. 1944 14 th Amendment Korematsu was detained because of WWII. Court decided it was fair to detain individuals during a time of crisis. Curfews & fines. Japanese Detainee

19. University of California Regents v. Bakke 1978 14 th Amendment A white male was denied admission to Cal b/c he didn’t meet entrance requirements. 16% of spots went to minority students with lower scores… Impact: Race can be used as a factor in college admissions unless it’s an insult. College Admissions

20. Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier 1988 1 st Amendment Students sued the school & principal for not printing 2 articles in the school paper. (babies & divorce) Impact: The principal has the right to censor articles in the school paper if it’s against its mission statement. Press in Schools

21. U.S. v. Nixon 1974 Article II Nixon refused to turn over tapes that would find him guilty of breaking into Watergate. Court says that the President is NOT above the law. No Executive Privileges

22. Roe v. Wade 1973 9 th Amendment Pro-Choice v. Pro-Life Girl was raped and didn’t want to have baby. The state said she couldn’t get an abortion. The Court ruled that states must allow abortions during the first tri-mester. State’s can choose to limit abortions during the 2 nd and 3 rd tri-mester. Abortion

23. Dred Scott v. Sanford 1857 5 th Amendment Dred Scott a slave, runs from slave state to free state and is caught. The court decides that he is to return to his slave owner (upheld property rights over human rights.) Property Rights over Human Rights.

24. Leandro v. North Carolina This is a state of North Carolina court case. 1997 Judge Manning of Raleigh Every student is guaranteed a sound, basic education regardless of needs.

25. Per Pupil Expenditures in N.C.

26. Study These Important Cases! You will have a series of 3 quizzes and 1 test on Goal 2 for which you will have to know these cases. Multiple choice, fill in the blanks, explain the case… At least 10 questions on your final exam will deal with these Major Supreme Court Cases. Ideas on how to study: Flash cards Cornell Notes Amendment to Case or Case to Amendment relationships Learn the 2 words for each!