1. Trimming Sentences Adjective ｓ /Adverbs （形容詞・副詞） Participles as adjectives （分詞形容詞） Prepositional phrases( 前置詞句 ) Appositives （同格句） Adjective Clauses （関係詞節） Verbal phrases （準動詞句）

2. Eliminating modifiers Glimpse into the prenatal world via ultrasound imaging occasionally show behavior such as …

3. Eliminating modifiers Glimpse (into the prenatal world) (via ultrasound imaging) (occasionally) show behavior such as …

4. Eliminating modifiers Although the animals and plants that live in the world’s various deserts come from different ancestral stocks,...

5. Eliminating modifiers Although the animals and plants (that live in the world’s various deserts) come from different ancestral stocks,...

6. Prepositional Phrases （前置詞句） Preposition ( 前置詞 ) about in on beyond during through with ･･･ + Noun （名詞）

7. 前置詞＋名詞 withmy friends onhis way aboutthe book duringthe winter break Prepositional Phrases （前置詞句）

8. The U.S. economy grew by only 0.6% during the first quarter of 2008 from January through March. Prepositional Phrases （前置詞句）

9. The charts, each in a different format, show the charges in income and expenses this year. A hot-tempered tennis player, Robbie charged the umpire and tried to crack the poor man's skull with a racket. Appositives （同格句）

10. Adjective Clauses （関係詞節） The vegetables that people leave uneaten are often the most nutritious. People who are living in glass houses should not throw stones. Mary applied for a job that was advertised in the paper.

11. Participles as adjectives （分詞形容詞） The burning log fell off the fire. People living in glass houses should not throw stones. Mary applied for a job advertised in the paper.