1. Do you still need grammar lesson ? Thanks, I have been already well- experienced I just learned how to talk! Where are you ? productive ages

2. Grammar Fun Result (75 students) mean = 38.8 Need improvement Practise ! and practise ! Self-study via on line resources in the internet libraries (TOEFL books or similar) : public library UGM Group english grammar group test  small gift

3. Input – accessing the literature (magazines, books, journal articles, synthesis procedures, characterization terms, manual procedure ) Output – publication & dissemination Cooperation – research partners Internationalisation –mobility of staff –mobility of students English-medium programmes Why English for Academic Purposes (EAP) is needed

4. Academic Genres

5. English Grammar A Review of the Essentials

6. Parts of Speech Nouns: words that name persons, places, things, or ideas Pronouns: words that stand in for a noun Verbs: words that express action or state of being Adjectives: words that describe nouns or pronouns Adverbs: words that describe verbs Prepositions: words that connect a noun and its modifiers to another component of the sentence Conjunctions: words that join nouns, verbs, or other parts of a sentence Interjections: words that express emotion, shock, and the like.

7. Parts of speech (Nouns) Nouns 1.Definition 2.Proper / common 3.Singular / plural (annex) 4.Count / non-count /abstract (annex) (how much –how many) 5.Collectible (group nouns) 6.Units of measurement (Reference: Schramper Azar, Betty,1996. Basic English Grammar)

8. Definition (proper and common nouns) Nouns – words used to name a person, place, thing, object, quality, idea, concept, or an action. Ref. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2001) Proper Nouns- special or particular name given to common nouns to distinguish them from others of the same kind. Example: common- woman proper Martha Proper Nouns A person Carlos a place Ryder Hospital a day Monday a monument The Statue of Liberty many others a pet Puppy a country Puerto Rico

9. Proper and common nouns COMMONPROPERCOMMONPROPER daySaturdayassociationsMembers Club monthOctobermoviesTitanic mountainEl NinoplanetsNeptune riverThe AmazoncitySan Juan oceanPacific Oceanhistorical periodsMiddle Ages bookApplied Chemistry languageSpanish newspaperNew York TimesnationalityPuerto Rican religionCatholicSchool courseEnglish 101 brand of productCadillacinstitutionsUniversity of Puerto Rico

10. Nouns (singular and plural) Rule No. 1 ( Add –s to the end of noun) cup cups student students Rule No.2 consonants before “y” change –y to i and add –es city -cities party- parties lady-ladies Rule No.3 vowels before “y” add –s boy –boys key –keys day -days

11. Singular and plural (cont.) Rule No. 4 (–f and –fe endings) change the –f or –fe to v and –es life –lives wife –wives thief –thieves Rule No. 5 (sh, ch, x, ss endings) add –es bush –bushes match –matches box -boxes kiss -kisses Rule No. 6 (consonant + o) add –es (vowel +o) –s tomato –tomatoes radio radios

12. Practice Exercises Use the plural form to fill in the blanks. (provided list) Baby Boy City Country Lady Party Tray Key Dictionary cowboy They have one girl and two ______. I visited many _______ last year. Women give birth to _______. She lost the _____ of the car and the house! _____ rides horses in Texas. Madrid and Paris are beautiful _______. We must bring ______ to the English class. Good evening _____ and gentleman. On Saturday nights, I like to go to _______. People carry their food on _____ at the cafeteria.

13. Pronunciation of plurals (s / es) Group A Final –s is pronounced /z/ after voiced sounds (taxicabs, beds, dogs, balls, years, days, boys, trees, etc.) Group B Final –s is pronounced /s/ after voiceless sounds (books, cups, groups, cats, students, desks, etc.) Group C Final –s, es is pronounced /ez/ after “s” sounds (classes, horses, boxes, faces) after “z” sounds (sizes, roses, noises) after “sh” sounds (dishes, bushes) after “ch” sounds (matches, sandwiches) after “ge/dge” sounds (pages, ages, bridges, edges)

14. Irregular plural forms (exceptions) Child children Foot feet Man men Woman women Mouse mice Tooth teeth Fish fish _____ people (is always plural) (no s)

15. Count and noncount nouns Count nouns a book books one book two books some books a lot of books many books a few books Non-count nouns money some money a lot of money much money a little money Common non-count nouns advice, furniture, love, peace, homework, luck information, food, mail, music, traffic, weather, work, bread, cheese, coffee, rice, sand, meat, milk, water, sugar, money, oil, liquids materials (paper) abstracts general food gases

16. Oral Practice (count vs. non-count) ChairTrafficMusicWork FurnitureCarsCoffeeWater CoinFactLibraryJewelry MoneyInformationPeaceRings LettersHomeworkAdviceJustice mailassignmentjobsugar

17. Pronouns Definition Personal pronouns (subject-object) Possessive adjectives Possessive pronouns Reflexive Indefinite Interrogative Demonstrative Relative reciprocal

18. Verbs (verb tenses /conjugation) Definition Regular Irregular verbs Spelling / pronunciation Conjugation Auxiliary verbs/ modals Infinitives Gerunds

19. Verbs Regular/ Irregular/ verb tenses Regular verbs (d or ed endings) /d/ sound pronunciation /t/ sound pronunciation /ed/ pronunciation

20. Verb conjugation Simple present tense IWork YouWork He, she, it Works WeWork YouWork theywork

21. Verb tenses Simple past IWorked YouWorked He, she, itWorked WeWorked YouWorked theyworked

22. Verb tenses Simple future Another way to express the simple future I am going to work tomorrow. She is going to work next week. They are going to work on Sunday. Iwill work Youwill work He, she, itwill work Wewill work Youwill work theywill work

23. Present progressive Iam working right now. Youare working. He, she, itis working. Weare working. Youare working. Theyare working.

24. Past progressive (continuous) Iwas working last night. Youwere working yesterday. He, she, itwas working last summer. Wewere working a few hours ago. Youwere working last week. Theywere working last Monday.

25. Future progressive (continuous) Iwill be working tomorrow. Youwill be working this afternoon. He, she, itwill be working next weekend. Wewill be working tonight. Youwill be working next summer. Theywill be working next semester.

26. Adjectives Definition Articles as adjectives Order of adjectives in a series (color, size, origin, nationalities, shape, age, etc..) Past participles / gerunds used as adjectives Comparatives and superlatives comparisons

27. What is an adjective? Adjective is a word which describes a noun fast big expensive car adjectivesnoun

28. Gerunds (Participles acting as Nouns) The gerund looks like the present participle in form: creating, seeing, healing As a gerund, however, the word acts as a simple noun, naming the particular action. “To me, living is Science” “Living”  fulfilling the role of nouns as subjects of the verb “is.”

29. Comparative-Superlative expresses the idea of ‘more’ - ‘most’ longest iestfunn modernmost best longer iestfunn modernmore better long funny modern good comparativesuperlative

30. Articles Indefinite Articles –a, an, some, or no article –Refers to general or nonspecific nouns Definite Articles –the – for both singular and plural –Refers to a specific noun –Can also be used for formality or collective nouns No Article –Occurs with nonspecific, non-count, or mass or plural nouns – nouns that have no specific quantity –Ex. Milk, cheese

31. Articles Questionnaire In each of the sentences below, you will see a blank. Please choose one of the following articles for each sentence – a, an, the or leave it blank. 1. My father’s car is considered to be ______ piece of art. 2. _______ (B/b)eauty is fleeting. 3. _______ (A/a)ir in the room was stifling. 4. The doctor told me that I needed ______ operation tomorrow. 5. ______ (I/i)nformation I received was extremely important. 6. ______ (A/a)ir is made up of millions of atoms. 7. My parents could not believe that their dog had peed on ______ carpet. 8. ______ (A/a)pple a day keeps the doctor away. 9. In some cultures ______ dogs are considered man’s best friend. 10. My sister decided to cut her hair with ______ scissors. 11. I was bitten by _______ mosquito in the Caribbean. 12. When the horn honked, it scared me and I dropped ______ glass on the floor. 13. In ancient Egypt _______ cat was considered sacred. 14. Is _______ water in Lake Erie safe to drink? Which sentences above gave you the most difficulty in deciding on an answer? Why?

32. Parts of a Sentence Every sentence has a subject and a predicate. –The subject is the noun or the pronoun that the sentence says something about; –The predicate is what is said about that noun or pronoun, i.e., what that noun does or what that noun is. –Predicates can be split up; subjects do not always come first.

33. Subjects and Predicates Sentences starting with “there” or “it”: these words are often used as a kind of “place marker” for the real subject of a sentence. “There will be earthquakes in various places Grammatically speaking, the sentence is: “Earthquakes will be [=will occur] in various places; The grammatical subjects is “earthquakes” not “there”