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FeudalismFeudalism
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More Invasions of Europe
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Chris Browne 1. The Vikings
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From Scandinavia: Norway, Sweden and Denmark 24
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Viking fort 33
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Viking Fort 23
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Pagans who hated Christianity
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Thor 33
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Valkyrie 33 Select warriors to take to Valhalla
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Overpopulation and shortage of farmland led to:Overpopulation and shortage of farmland led to:
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“Viking”: trading and raiding
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35 Major technological weapon: the Longboat
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Able to sail up shallow rivers or on the high seas 34
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Viking Raid 35
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4 Vikings became great explorers
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Through Russia to Constan- tinople
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Market on the Volga
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4 Permanent footholds in England and France (Normandy) Permanent footholds in England and France (Normandy)
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Iceland and Greenland (Eric the Red)
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Viking Settlement in Greenland
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Viking Farm in Iceland 33
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Leif Erikson discovers America (Vinland) around 1000 33
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Lief’s Route 33
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Vikings battle Scraelings (Indians) 33
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Oseberg Ship 36
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Viking Longship 20
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Burial Cart from Oseberg Ship 35
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Viking Funeral 33
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Viking Runes 4
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Viking Burial Ground 34
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More Invasions of Europe
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2. Magyars: (Turks) took what is now Hungary
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3. Arabs: Spain, Sicily, and other Med. Islands 3. Arabs: Spain, Sicily, and other Med. Islands
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Feudal Society 26
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The Feudal Contract
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1. German idea at the heart of Feudalism1. German idea at the heart of Feudalism 2. Lord (landowner) grants land (fief) to:2. Lord (landowner) grants land (fief) to: 3. Vassal in return for service3. Vassal in return for service 1. German idea at the heart of Feudalism1. German idea at the heart of Feudalism 2. Lord (landowner) grants land (fief) to:2. Lord (landowner) grants land (fief) to: 3. Vassal in return for service3. Vassal in return for service
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The Feudal Pyramid 25
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1. The King: Rule well and dispense justice1. The King: Rule well and dispense justice Duties
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2. Great Nobles and Bishops Nobles: Provide Knights, infantry and money to KingNobles: Provide Knights, infantry and money to King Bishops: Provide religious and admin. servicesBishops: Provide religious and admin. services
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Only “Gentlemen” could fight on horseback (cost)Only “Gentlemen” could fight on horseback (cost) 3. Knights: Warriors on Horseback
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German armies had been infantryGerman armies had been infantry Arab cavalry inspired Charles MartelArab cavalry inspired Charles Martel
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Knight 1180 26 Saddle and stirrup= mounted knights
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Stirrup
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Evolution of Armor 1476 26
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Armor 23
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Tournament 26
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Joust 26
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Melee 26
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4. Peasants (farmers)
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5. Serfs (peasants bound to the land)5. Serfs (peasants bound to the land) –Provide food for all, and serve as infantry
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Warrior’s role in feudalism 1. Land for military service1. Land for military service 2. 40 days per year2. 40 days per year 3. Constant training3. Constant training
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4. Protect lord’s land and the peasants4. Protect lord’s land and the peasants
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Knighthood and Chivalry
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Chivalry: rules of knightly conduct 1. Devoted to God, his lord and his lady1. Devoted to God, his lord and his lady 2. Must protect the weak and poor2. Must protect the weak and poor
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3. Mostly, they failed3. Mostly, they failed
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4. Castles invented to defend against knights
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Wooden Motte and Bailey Castle 13
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Stone Motte and Bailey Castle 13
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Kidwelly Castle, Wales 27
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Caernarfon Castle, Wales 27
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Walled town (Caernarfon) 31
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Great Hall 13
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Aristocratic Women
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Women had little power except when the husband was away 1. Commanded troops1. Commanded troops
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2. Defended castles2. Defended castles
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The Church viewed women as inferior and dangerous
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Eleanor of Aquitane –Married Louis VII of France (Annulled) and Later Henry II of England –Two of her sons were kings (Richard and John)
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Collapse of the infrastructure: roads, bridges, water supply, sewersCollapse of the infrastructure: roads, bridges, water supply, sewers Europe’s Problems after the fall of Rome
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Loss of education, common language, legal system and medical knowledgeLoss of education, common language, legal system and medical knowledge Fall of the citiesFall of the cities Pirates and banditsPirates and bandits
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InvasionsInvasions Return to a barter economyReturn to a barter economy Loss of technologyLoss of technology Constant warfareConstant warfare
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Natural disasters: Climate change Black PlagueNatural disasters: Climate change Black Plague Corruption in the ChurchCorruption in the Church IsolationIsolation
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Length of Power Populations in Millions Territory Million sq. m. 7
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Byzantine soldier 2
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Literature 1. Epic poetry—Song of Roland1. Epic poetry—Song of Roland 2. Love songs and poetry---troubadors2. Love songs and poetry---troubadors
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Troubadors 26
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Courtly Love 26
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Woman on a pedestal (idealized)Woman on a pedestal (idealized) Longing, but no consummation—NOT !Longing, but no consummation—NOT ! Eleanor of Aquitaine and the Court of LoveEleanor of Aquitaine and the Court of Love
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Castle Don Jon (Keep) Central Tower 13
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Under Siege 13
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