1. The Cold War

2. The United Nations Following the war, the international community founded the peace keeping organization that was intended to provide a place where countries could negotiate rather than go to war

3. Origins of the Cold War Immediately after WWII, tensions mounted between the Soviet Union & the western Allies U.S. and Britain did not want to occupy territories conquered in WWII, but Stalin was determined not to be invaded again Stalin wanted to control the territories in Eastern Europe He established Communist regimes in Poland and Soviet occupied Germany

4. The government and economy of Soviet communism & the United States SOVIET COMMUNISM Government controls all property & economic activity Totalitarian government One party (Communist Party) UNITED STATES People vote to elect a president & representatives Competing political parties Economy driven by supply & demand Free enterprise & entrepreneurship

5. Weapons of the Cold War Propaganda (TV, Newspapers, Movies, …) Diplomatic Moves (Military Alliances and International Conferences) Scientific Competition Espionage Subversion (local communist groups attempt to weaken and overthrow pro-Western governments)

8. Resentment between the U.S. and the Soviets existed for 3 reasons: 1.Stalin & Hitler had been allies 2.Stalin resented the Allies’ delay in invading Europe during WWII 3.U.S. kept the atomic bomb a secret

9. Stalin violate the Yalta Conference Stalin did not keep his promise of allowing for free elections in Eastern Europe

10. Why was the U.S. interested in Eastern Europe? Truman wanted to spread democracy throughout the world Democracies would allow for free trade around the world American businesses wanted access to raw materials & new markets in Eastern Europe

11. A Divided Europe Europe was divided as Stalin established satellite nations throughout Eastern Europe Churchill declared, “A shadow has fallen… an iron curtain has descended across the continent.”

12. Containment The U.S. decided that Eastern Europe could not be saved from Soviet control America chose to establish a policy of containing communism to those countries in which it already existed and not letting it spread

14. Aiding Germany Truman feared that if the U.S. did not help Germany rebuild, the Soviets would, thus spreading Communism Truman issued the Truman Doctrine – The U.S. would follow the policy of containment – The U.S. would not hesitate to intervene & aid nations in resisting Communist control

15. Marshall Plan Financial plan to provide nations in war- torn Europe needed aid This aid would spark economic revival & prosperity This plan prevented Soviet advances into Western Europe

16. In 1948, Britain, France & U.S united their sections to create West Germany (including West Berlin) and establish a Democratic Republic Stalin created East Germany and established a Communist nation Thousands of people fled East Germany to escape Communism Germany Divided

17. Stalin tried to force the people of West Berlin to surrender to East Germany He established a blockade in West Berlin, and needed supplies could not get in Truman authorized the Berlin Airlift U.S. and British planes delivered supplies to West Berlin The Soviets gave up after 15 months Berlin Airlift