2. CHAPTER 17

3. RACE RELATIONS Fluid, dynamic 1877-1890 Integration Segregation by class

4. WHITE BACKLASH Racist rhetoric, violence 1890’s Economy ◦ Competition ◦ Depression Black assertiveness ◦ A threat

5. LEGAL SEGREGATION Segregation laws Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896 ◦ “separate but equal” “Jim Crow” laws

6. VOTING Poll tax Grandfather clause

7. Distribution of Ethnicities in Chicago and Los Angeles Figure 7-5Figure 7-6

8. SUNDOWN TOWNS Segregation of dwellings 1890-1970 Thousands across America ◦ Almost none in South

10. NATIONAL CONSENSUS Majority of Americans believed: ◦ Blacks inferior ◦ Second class citizens Theater ◦ Blackface minstrel shows ◦ Songs, absurd fashion

11. ANTI-IMMIGRATION Violence, discrimination Mainly against Asians ◦ Chinese exclusion, 1882 Other immigrants

13. Towards empire Imperialism ◦ Exploitation ◦ Direct or indirect Examples throughout history?

14. MAP 20.3 The American Domain, ca. 1900 The United States claimed numerous islands in the South Pacific and intervened repeatedly in Latin America to secure its economic interests.

15. 1890’s Why expansion?

16. SOCIAL DARWINISM Competitive struggle Between countries ◦ Europeans v. Americans

17. ANGLO-SAXON SUPERIORITY English and American greatness

18. MALE MASCULINITY Forceful expansion Strength and honor

19. RELIGIOUS EXPANSION Protestant missions

20. ECONOMIC MOTIVES Depression in early 1890’s Overseas markets Significant impact

21. Spanish-American War Spain rule Cuba Cubans want autonomy Why U.S. wants to help? ◦ Protect self-determination of Cubans ◦ U.S. businesses Short and easy war ◦ U.S. Wins Beginnings of expansionist policy

22. Spanish-American War Results ◦ Cuba: becomes a protectorate of U.S. Treaty of Paris (not just Cuba) ◦ Spain cedes Cuba, Guam, and Puerto Rico to U.S. ◦ Occupy Manila

23. MAP 20.4 The Spanish-American War In two theaters of action, the United States used its naval power adeptly against a weak foe.

24. Filipino-American War U.S. and Filipinos once allies Former colony of Spain McKinley, U.S. president ◦ Educate, Christianize, civilize Filipinos Emilio Aguinaldo and “rebels” fight Americans

25. Filipino-American War Longer fight, more casualties High death rates and disease Senseless killings by Americans Rape, plunder on part of U.S. soldiers

26. BLACKS AND WAR Black soldiers felt conflict ◦ Duty to country, however ◦ Sympathized with Filipinos ◦ Saw similarities between themselves and Filipinos

27. CUBA Protectorate of U.s. Military govt. Platt amendment ◦ Restrict Cuban autonomy ◦ U.S. intervention ◦ Military base – Guantanamo Bay Modernized Cuba Loss of political/economic independence for Cuban people

28. CUBAN CULTURE/SOCIETY Cuban influence ◦ Music, dance in the U.S. Cuba becomes: ◦ Playground for rich and wealth ◦ Casinos, resorts