1. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Federalism: States and Nations

2. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Sectarian Violence in Afghanistan © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

3. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. FIGURE 3.1: Types of Political Systems 3.1 © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

4. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 3.2: How Responsibilities Are Distributed in the Federal System 3.2 © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

5. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. But let me tell you, Mr. President 3.2 © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

6. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Relations Among the States  Horizontal Federalism “full faith and credit” DOMA  Interstate Compact 3.2 © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

7. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. TABLE 3.1: Constitutional Underpinnings of Federalism 3.2

8. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Border Fence 3.2

9. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.  The Nationalist Position “Necessary and Proper” Clause  States’ Rights Position Dual Federalism 3.3 Perpetual Debate About the Nature of American Federalism

10. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.  Nullification  Fletcher v. Peck (1810) Judicial Review  McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) National Supremacy  Preemption 3.3 Federalism Before the Civil War

11. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. FIGURE 3.3: Timeline: Landmarks in the History of U.S. Federalism 3.3

12. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.  Civil War Amendments Thirteenth Amendment Fourteenth Amendment Due Process Clause Equal Protection Clause Fifteenth Amendment 3.3 The Civil War and the Expansion of National Power

13. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Our Bloody Civil War 3.3

14. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. CIVIL WAR FACTS HOW MANY SOLDIERS FOUGHT ON EACH SIDE? COMPARISON OF WAR CASUALTIES

15. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Expanded National Activity Since the Civil War  Devolution  National Power Reasserted  Recent Pushback 3.3 © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

16. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Guns For Sale 3.3 © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

17. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Fiscal Federalism  Origin and Growth of Grants  Types of Grants  Debates About Federal Money and Control 3.4 © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

18. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Origin and Growth of Grants  Northwest Ordinance (1787) Government grants land for government buildings, schools, colleges in Northwest Territory Land grants for roads, canals, railroads  Post-War Spending Priorities Interstate highway system Great Society 3.4 © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

19. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 3.4: Growth in Federal Grants-in-Aid to States and Localities 3.4 © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

20. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Types of Grants  Categorical Grants Specify how money can be spent  Block Grants Fewer rules on how money can be spent  General Revenue Sharing Few or no strings attached 3.4 © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

21. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Debates About Federal Money and Control  Conditions on Aid Conditional grants  Mandates Demands that states implement policies without federal aid 3.4 © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

22. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Spewing Pollution 3.4 © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

23. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Debates About Federal Money and Control  Preemption Federal trumps states rules when there is a conflict Grants-in-Aid to states makes the federal government stronger, since policies are enacted without making new law. (Think about the expansion of Medicaid and the relationship to the Affordable Care Act (ACA). 3.4 © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

24. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Pros  Diversity of Needs  Closeness to the People  Innovation and Experimentation 3.5 © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

25. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Cons  Importance of National Standards  Low Visibility and Lack of Popular Control  Spillover Effects and Competition © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.