1. HOW HOST AND HABITAT FACTORS AFFECT PARASITE INFECTION WITHIN LARVAL ODONATES: Travis McDevitt–Galles and Pieter T. J. Johnson University of Colorado: Boulder Dept. of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology TESTING THE ROLES OF HOST DENSITY, SPECIES IDENTITY, AND TRANSMISSION SUCCESS

3. Freshwater arthropod community

4. Importance of Parasites in community

5. Preston et al. 2013

6. Complexity of parasite infection patterns Internal parasites can be effect by two drastically different habitats The Host The Host’s environment What level drives patterns of infection Host effect? Habitat effects? Any potential interactions between the two Johnson et al. 2015

7. Complexity of parasite infection patterns Internal parasites can be effect by two drastically different habitats The Host The Host’s environment What level drives patterns of infection Host effect? Habitat effects? Any potential interactions between the two Johnson et al. 2015

8. Haematoloechus sp. life cycle Image Credit : Dr. Matthew Bolek

9. host habitat fish presence water chemistry 2 axis of PCA host density Snail density length : individual level foraging strategy development time suborder Interaction between fish and and suborder identity

10. Research goals Model patterns of the parasite Haematoloechus sp. in Odonate taxa What drives infection patterns, Host characteristic or habitat characteristics Are these effects constant across different taxa

11. Data structure 2 Years – 2014, 2015 35 Sites 3 Families 13 Genera 1600 Individuals : Infection status (1/0) and infection load (count)

12. host habitat fish presence water chemistry 2 axis of PCA host density Snail density length : individual level foraging strategy development time suborder Interaction between fish and and suborder identity

13. host habitat fish presence water chemistry 2 axis of PCA host density Snail density length : individual level foraging strategy development time suborder Interaction between fish and and suborder identity

14. Infection load modelInfection status model Hierarchical model structure

15. To determine relative importance of host vs habitat characteristics Calculate Intraclass correlation coefficient ( ICC ) Intraclass Correlation Coefficient Metric to determine how much variation is explained by grouping effect random intercepts (Habitat ID and Host taxa) Host traits vs. habitat characteristics

16. Results Site Level ICC 0.21

17. Results Site Level ICC 0.21

18. Results Host Level ICC 0.10

19. Host versus Habitat ICC : 0.21ICC : 0.10 Infection Prevalence Infection Load ICC : 0.08 Infection Load ICC : 0.03

20. Research goals Model patterns of the parasite Haematoloechus sp. in Odonate taxa What drives infection patterns, Host characteristic or habitat characteristics Are these effects constant across different taxa

21. Final model Infection status Fixed EffectEstimated CoefficientZ valueP - Value Scaled centered body length0.60 ± 0.115.37 < 0.001 *** Fish presence-3.11 ± 1.46-2.140.033 * Scaled host density0.53 ± 0.242.170.030 * Scaled water chemistry PCA 10.40 ± 0.172.290.022 * Scaled water chemistry PCA 20.37 ± 0.182.030.042 * Host suborder: Zygoptera-3.11 ± 0.84-3.72 < 0.001 *** Host suborder Zygoptera : fish presence4.93 ± 0.608.24 < 0.001 ***

22. Final model Infection status Fixed EffectEstimated CoefficientZ valueP - Value Scaled centered body length0.60 ± 0.115.37 < 0.001 *** Fish presence-3.11 ± 1.46-2.140.033 * Scaled host density0.53 ± 0.242.170.030 * Scaled water chemistry PCA 10.40 ± 0.172.290.022 * Scaled water chemistry PCA 20.37 ± 0.182.030.042 * Host suborder: Zygoptera-3.11 ± 0.84-3.72 < 0.001 *** Host suborder Zygoptera : fish presence4.93 ± 0.608.24 < 0.001 ***

23. Final model Infection status Fixed EffectEstimated CoefficientZ valueP - Value Scaled centered body length0.60 ± 0.115.37 < 0.001 *** Fish presence-3.11 ± 1.46-2.140.033 * Scaled host density0.53 ± 0.242.170.030 * Scaled water chemistry PCA 10.40 ± 0.172.290.022 * Scaled water chemistry PCA 20.37 ± 0.182.030.042 * Host suborder: Zygoptera-3.11 ± 0.84-3.72 < 0.001 *** Host suborder Zygoptera : fish presence4.93 ± 0.608.24 < 0.001 ***

24. Interaction between fish and host suborder Haematoloechus sp. prevalence Haematoloechus sp. load

25. Final model Infection load Fixed EffectEstimated CoefficientZ valueP - Value Scaled centered body length0.83 ± 0.117.52 < 0.001 *** Fish presence-0.91 ± 1.60-0.530.590 Host suborder: Zygoptera-2.92 ± 0.99-2.95 0.003 Host suborder Zygoptera : fish presence5.01 ± 0.449.17 < 0.001 ***

26. Final model Infection load Fixed EffectEstimated CoefficientZ valueP - Value Scaled centered body length0.83 ± 0.117.52 < 0.001 *** Fish presence-0.91 ± 1.60-0.530.590 Host suborder: Zygoptera-2.92 ± 0.99-2.95 0.003 Host suborder Zygoptera : fish presence5.01 ± 0.449.17 < 0.001 ***

27. Interaction between fish and host suborder Haematoloechus sp. prevalence Haematoloechus sp. load

28. Predator Host Population Structure Infection Prevalence Predator - host - parasite interactions

29. Host abundance Predator influence on host density Host density, per dipnet

30. Predation influence on size

31. Predator Host population structure Selectively consuming host Host behavior Infection prevalence Predator – parasite interactions

32. Predator Host population structure Selectively consuming host Infection prevalence Predator – parasite interactions Johnson et al. 2006

33. Haematoloechus sp. life cycle Image Credit : Dr. Matthew Bolek

34. Snyder and Janovy 2009 DragonflyDamselfly Hypothesis: Fish induced altered behavior leads to contrasting effects of infection prevalence between dragonflies and damselflies

35. Conclusions Majority of variation in infection patterns is at the site level It is more important to know “where” you are than “who” you are Positive infection prevalence and load associated with Host Host body length Habitat Water chemistry score 1 and host density Interaction Between zygoptera and fish presence

36. Conclusions Majority of variation in infection patterns is at the site level It is more important to know “where” you are than “who” you are Positive infection prevalence and load associated with Host Host body length Habitat Water chemistry score 1 and host density Interaction Between zygoptera and fish presence

37. Acknowledgement Field Team Aaron Klingborg Megan Housman Keegan McCaffrery Nate Bowman Isaiah Hoyer Dina Sower Evan Esfahani Neal Handloser Mary-Jade Farruggia Isabel Jones Johnson Lab: Dana Calhoun Dr. Will Stutz Dr. Sarah Haas Max Joseph Katherine Richgels Dan Preston Joe Mihaljevic Meg Summerside Kelly Loria Funding: National Science Foundation University of Colorado: Boulder