1. Name the following compounds: CCC O H C O OH CH 3 C C3H7C3H7 C2H5C2H5 C2H5C2H5 C O OH 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

2. L.O. To be confident naming organic compounds. To be able to draw organic compounds in different ways. Introduction to organic chemistry

3. Activity Name the following compounds: CCC O H C O H C O OH CH 3 C2H5C2H5 C2H5C2H5 What is common between structures 4+5? C O OH CH 3 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

4. Homologous Series Families of compounds with : (a) a common general formula containing the same functional group (c) molecular formulas differing by CH 2 between consecutive members (b) similar chemical properties Name of Homologous Series General Formula Name of Homologous Series General Formula Alkanes C n H 2n+2 (n = 1, 2, 3 etc) Alkenes C n H 2n (n = 1, 2, 3 etc) Alcohols C n H 2n+1 OH (n = 1, 2, 3 etc) Carboxylic acids C n H 2n+1 COOH (n = 0, 1, 2 etc) Halogeno- alkanes C n H 2n+1 X (X = F, Cl etc) (n = 1, 2, 3 etc) Primary amines C n H 2n+1 NH 2 (n = 1, 2, 3 etc) Aldehydes C n H 2n+1 CHO (n = 0, 1, 2 etc) Ketones C m H 2m+1 COC n H 2n+1 (m & n = 0, 1, 2 etc)

5. Additional Notes 1. C of nitrile, aldehyde or acid group = C1 2.Full structural formulas show ALL ATOMS and ALL BONDS 3.Structural formulas may be abbreviated N H H C H O C O-H O C O-C O = -NH 2 = -CO.OH = -CHO = -CO.OC

6. 4.Any atoms NOT coded in name are H atoms = CCOC = CH 2 = CH 3 C C C O C C H H H C H H CH 3 H = CH(CH 3 ) 5.Multiple functional groups shown by “di” (2), “tri” (3), “tetra” (4) etc as PREFIXES 6.Code for C1 NOT usually included in name

7.  name is 3-ETHYLHEXANE 1 2 3 4 5 6 CH 3 -CH 2 -CH-CH 2 -CH 3 CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 eg1 Longest C chain = 6C  HEX -CH 2 -CH 3 at C3  3-ETHYL- Longest C chain = 4C Cl at C2  BUT  name is 2-CHLOROBUTANE  2-CHLORO- CH 3 -CH 2 -CHCl-CH 3 eg2 4 3 2 1

8. Longest C chain = 3C Br at C1 and C2  name is 1,2-DIBROMOPROPANE CH 2 BrCHBrCH 3 eg4  PROP  1,2-DIBROMO- 1 2 3 Longest C chain = 4C -COOH at C1 and CH 3 at C3  name is 3-METHYL-BUTANOIC ACID 4 3 2 1  BUT  -ANOIC ACID and 3-METHYL CH 3 CH(CH 3 )CH 2 COOH eg3

9. Longest C chain = 4C C-CO.C at C2  name is BUTAN-2-ONE CH 3 CO.CH 2 CH 3 eg6  BUT  -AN-2-ONE 1 2 3 4 Longest C chains = 3C and 2C -CO.OC at C1 and CH 2 CH 3  name is ETHYL PROPANOATE 3 2 1 1 2  PROP and ETH  -ANOATE and ETHYL CH 3 CH 2 CO.OCH 2 CH 3 eg5

10. Longest C chain = 3C CN at C1  name is PROPANENITRILE CH 3 CH 2 CN eg8  PROP  -NITRILE 3 2 1 Longest C chain = 3C -CO.OH at C1  name is 2-AMINO-PROPANOIC ACID 3 2 1  PROP  2-AMINO, -ANOIC ACID CH 3 CH(NH 2 )CO.OH eg7 also NH 2 at C2 of PROP chain

11. Longest C chain = 5C CHO at C1 and CH 3 at C3  name is 3-METHYL PENTANAL CH 3 CH 2 CH(CH 3 )CH 2 CHO eg10  PENT  -AL and 3-METHYL 5 4 3 2 1 Longest C chain = 3C -OH at C1 and F at C3  name is 3-FLUORO-PROPAN-1-OL 3 2 1  PROP  -1-OL and 3-FLUORO- CH 2 FCH 2 CH 2 OH eg9

12. Representing Molecular Formulae Three different formats may be used: 1. DISPLAYED FORMULASthese show ALL atoms and ALL bonds 2. STRUCTURAL FORMULAS these ABBREVIATE displayed formulas to a single line representation 3. SKELETAL FORMULAS these ABBREVIATE displayed formulas by OMITTING H ATOMS and representing C TO C BONDS AS STRAIGHT LINES such that the points where lines meet or the ends of lines represent the C atoms All represent 2-methylpropan-2-ol H H H C C H H C H O H H H H C 1. CH 3 C(CH 3 )(OH)CH 3 2. OH 3.

13. Activity Convert the following to both their full structural and skeletal formulae: 1.Pentan-1-ol 2.Propanal 3.3-chlorobut-2-ene 4.2-bromo-2-chlorohexanoic acid 5.Ethylamine 6.3-bromo-4-hydroxyheptanone 7.2,2-dimethylpropan-1-ol 8.2,3-dibromo-4-hydroxypentanoic acid 9.Trichloromethane 10.Butylpropanoate Extension: methoxyethane 3-ethyl-3-methylhexanal