1. Catholic Reform and the Counter Reformation #6 What was the Catholic Reformation and why was it successful?

2. Counter & Catholic Reformation Catholic Reform existed BEFORE the Counter Reformation –Catholic: internal criticisms and efforts to reform New, religious, Catholic orders (groups) –Counter: reaction to Protestant success Jesuits Council of Trent Pluralism Debate –Are religious beliefs equally valid?

3. Sources of Catholic Reform “Men are to be changed by, not to change religion” Reformers: Clerical movements emphasizing piety –Franciscans: Followed the teaching of Francis of Assisi Simple life, concentrating on Jesus –Capuchins: Friars –Most instrumental Society of Jesus (Jesuits)

4. The Jesuits Counter-Reformation Organizer: Ignatius of Loyola –Influenced by Christian Classics –Emphasized religious and moral self- discipline Spiritual Exercises –Activities that make a person more disciplined and have obedience to the church (traditional spirituality) »Protestants  Disobedient –Helped bring Protestants back to Catholicism

5. The Council of Trent 1545-1563 Purpose: Re-assert church doctrine –Why was it called? Success of Protestant Reformation Emperor Charles V forced Pope Paul –1 st Report: criticized church’s fiscal practice Protestants used it against Church Council of Trent  Pope was in control

6. Reforms Internal discipline Stop selling church offices Strengthened authority of Bishops (local) –Working Bishop Live among and preach, look the part –Build seminaries (theology training No concessions for Protestants –Did not change… Good works, seven sacraments, clerical celibacy, sacred images Ruler Response –Initial fear over church control of political power –Received assurance that this was religious reform only Parish life would thrive

7. # 5 and #6 5. Evaluate the influence of Renaissance humanism (includes Christian humanism) on Catholic reforms and the Protestant Reformation. 6. What was the Catholic reformation and why was it successful? –Introduction needs to have definition and thesis

8. SOAPS –The Canons and Decrees of the …The Council of Trent