2. Section 3 The Protestant Reformation

3. Daily Objectives Discuss the major goal of humanism in northern Europe, which was to reform Christendom. Explain how Martin Luther’s religious reforms led to the emergence of Protestantism.

4. I. Erasmus & Christian Humanism Christian humanism was a movement to reform the Catholic Church Read the classics, esp. the basic works of Christianity

5. The best known of all the Christian humanists was Desiderius Erasmus of Holland I. Erasmus & Christian Humanism

6. Erasmus humorously criticized aspects of the Catholic Church in his book The Praise of Folly Sought reform within the Catholic Church

7. I. Erasmus & Christian Humanism Sir Thomas Moore, of England also sought to reform the Church

8. II. Religion on the Eve of the Reformation Catholic Church was corrupt Popes - failed to meet the Church’s spiritual needs *A decline in the power of the Catholic Church Pope Julius II

9. II. Religion on the Eve of the Reformation Protestant Reformation, reform movement that divided the Church into Catholic & Protestant groups

10. II. Religion on the Eve of the Reformation *Martin Luther, began the Reformation movement in the 16 th century

11. II. Religion on the Eve of the Reformation Salvation, acceptance into Heaven Indulgence – release from all or part of the punishment for sin

12. III. Martin Luther Luther came to believe that humans are not saved through good works but through their faith in God Luther’s ideas “justification by faith” became the chief teachings of the Protestant Reformation

13. A.The Ninety-five Theses *Luther was greatly upset by the widespread selling of indulgences

14. A.The Ninety-five Theses *Ninety-five Theses were a stunning attack on abuses in the sale of indulgences

15. A.The Ninety-five Theses *Luther wanted the Bible printed in the vernacular so all could understand it. Ex. Germany (vernacular) instead the traditional Latin Bible in Latin Bible in German

16. the Bible excommunicated Martin Luther the policy of selling indulgences

17. B. A Break with the Church *Luther refused submit (or retract his 95 Thesis) to the Pope’s demands *Edict of Worms made Martin Luther an outlaw within the Holy Roman Empire

20. C. The Rise of Lutheranism *The innovation that had the greatest impact on the Protestant Reformation was Johann Gutenberg’s movable-type printing press

21. C. The Rise of Lutheranism Lutheranism was the first Protestant faith

22. IV. Politics in the German Reformation Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor Bohemia, Hungary The Peace of Augsburg formally accepted the division of Christianity in Germany

24. Section 4 The Spread of Protestantism & the Catholic Response

26. Daily Objectives Summarize the different forms of Protestantism that emerged in Europe as the Reformation spread. Summarize the religious rebirth of the Catholic Church.

27. I.The Zwinglian Reformation Ulrich Zwingli a priest who led a Protestant reform movement in Zurich Switzerland Introduced religious reforms, relics and images were abolished

28. I.The Zwinglian Reformation New church services, reading, prayer and sermons Zwingli, Later killed by his enemies

29. II. Calvin & Calvinism John Calvin, in 1536, published the Institutions of the Christian Religion Stood very close to Luther on most doctrine *Predestination, God had determined in advance who would be saved and who would be damned

30. John Calvin Protestant who fled France to Switzerland http://encarta.msn.com/find/MediaMax.

31. II. Calvin & Calvinism In 1536, Calvin began working to reform the City of Geneva The Consistory, a special body for enforcing moral discipline was set up to punish people for varies “crimes” like dancing, singing obscene songs, drunkenness, swearing and playing cards

32. III. The Reformation in England King Henry VIII, king of England Needed a male heir *Annul, declare invalid Act of Supremacy, declared that the king was the supreme head of the Church of England

33. http://www.kfki.hu/~arthp/search.cgi?author=HOLBEIN Henry VIII Holbein

34. III. The Reformation in England Henry used his new powers to dissolve the monasteries and sell their land and possessions The Church of England, is also known as the Anglican Church Children – Edward VI, Mary, Elizabeth

36. Catherine of Aragon http://home.hiwaay.net/~crispen/tudor/6wives/katherineofaragonportrait

37. http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Forum/9194/h8/twomain.html Anne Boleyn

38. Jane Seymour http://www.kfki.hu/~arthp/search.cgi?author=HOLBEIN%2C+Hans+the+Younger

39. http://home.hiwaay.net/~crispen/tudor/6wives/anneofclevesportrait Anne of Cleves

40. http://home.hiwaay.net/~crispen/tudor/6wives/katherinehowardportrait. Katherine Howard

41. http://www.royal.gov.uk./history/tudor.htm Edward VI died at 16 1547 Edward becomes king- Protestants gain power

42. http://www.royal.gov.uk./history/tudor.htm 1553 Mary (Bloody Mary), a Catholic becomes Queen-tries to force return to Catholicism

43. IV. The Anabaptists *The Anabaptists were regarded as dangerous radicals who threatened the very fabric of 16 th century society Belief in adult baptism, chose its own minister, separation of church and state, refused to hold public office or bear arms

44. Today’s Amish and Menonites http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/~doron/amish.jpg

45. 4 Church of England Lutheran, Calvinist, and Anabaptist

48. V. Effects of the Role of Women * Overall, the Protestant Reformation did not change women’s subordinate place in society

49. VI. The Catholic Reformation  1. The Jesuits, 2. reform of the papacy, and 3. the Council of Trent  1. *The Society of Jesus, known as the Jesuits, was founded by a Spanish noblemen, Ignatius of Loyola

50. VI. The Catholic Reformation  1. Jesuits were a religious order of the Catholic Church  Used education to spread their message  Missionary work

51. VI. The Catholic Reformation  2. Reform of the Papacy  Reform Commission blamed the Church’s problems on the corrupt policies of the popes

52. VI. The Catholic Reformation  *3. Council of Trent, reaffirmed traditional Catholic teachings in opposition to Protestant beliefs  Both faith & good works needed for salvation, seven sacraments, clerical celibacy

53. Council of Trent 1545-1563

54. VI. The Catholic Reformation  Selling of indulgences was forbidden