1. RESEARCH POSTER PRESENTATION DESIGN © 2015 www.PosterPresentations.com (—THIS SIDEBAR DOES NOT PRINT—) DESIGN GUIDE This PowerPoint 2007 template produces a 36”x48” trifold presentation poster. You can use it to create your research poster and save valuable time placing titles, subtitles, text, and graphics. We provide a series of online tutorials that will guide you through the poster design process and answer your poster production questions. To view our template tutorials, go online to PosterPresentations.com and click on HELP DESK. When you are ready to print your poster, go online to PosterPresentations.com Need assistance? Call us at 1.510.649.3001 QUICK START Zoom in and out As you work on your poster zoom in and out to the level that is more comfortable to you. Go to VIEW > ZOOM. Title, Authors, and Affiliations Start designing your poster by adding the title, the names of the authors, and the affiliated institutions. You can type or paste text into the provided boxes. The template will automatically adjust the size of your text to fit the title box. You can manually override this feature and change the size of your text. TIP: The font size of your title should be bigger than your name(s) and institution name(s). Adding Logos / Seals Most often, logos are added on each side of the title. You can insert a logo by dragging and dropping it from your desktop, copy and paste or by going to INSERT > PICTURES. Logos taken from web sites are likely to be low quality when printed. Zoom it at 100% to see what the logo will look like on the final poster and make any necessary adjustments. TIP: See if your school’s logo is available on our free poster templates page. Photographs / Graphics You can add images by dragging and dropping from your desktop, copy and paste, or by going to INSERT > PICTURES. Resize images proportionally by holding down the SHIFT key and dragging one of the corner handles. For a professional-looking poster, do not distort your images by enlarging them disproportionally. Image Quality Check Zoom in and look at your images at 100% magnification. If they look good they will print well. ORIGINAL DISTORTED Corner handles Good printing quality Bad printing quality QUICK START (cont.) How to change the template color theme You can easily change the color theme of your poster by going to the DESIGN menu, click on COLORS, and choose the color theme of your choice. You can also create your own color theme. You can also manually change the color of your background by going to VIEW > SLIDE MASTER. After you finish working on the master be sure to go to VIEW > NORMAL to continue working on your poster. How to add Text The template comes with a number of pre- formatted placeholders for headers and text blocks. You can add more blocks by copying and pasting the existing ones or by adding a text box from the HOME menu. Text size Adjust the size of your text based on how much content you have to present. The default template text offers a good starting point. Follow the conference requirements. How to add Tables To add a table from scratch go to the INSERT menu and click on TABLE. A drop-down box will help you select rows and columns. You can also copy and a paste a table from Word or another PowerPoint document. A pasted table may need to be re-formatted by RIGHT-CLICK > FORMAT SHAPE, TEXT BOX, Margins. Graphs / Charts You can simply copy and paste charts and graphs from Excel or Word. Some reformatting may be required depending on how the original document has been created. How to change the column configuration RIGHT-CLICK on the poster background and select LAYOUT to see the column options available for this template. The poster columns can also be customized on the Master. VIEW > MASTER. How to remove the info bars If you are working in PowerPoint for Windows and have finished your poster, save as PDF and the bars will not be included. You can also delete them by going to VIEW > MASTER. On the Mac adjust the Page- Setup to match the Page-Setup in PowerPoint before you create a PDF. You can also delete them from the Slide Master. Save your work Save your template as a PowerPoint document. For printing, save as PowerPoint or “Print-quality” PDF. Print your poster When you are ready to have your poster printed go online to PosterPresentations.com and click on the “Order Your Poster” button. Choose the poster type the best suits your needs and submit your order. If you submit a PowerPoint document you will be receiving a PDF proof for your approval prior to printing. If your order is placed and paid for before noon, Pacific, Monday through Friday, your order will ship out that same day. Next day, Second day, Third day, and Free Ground services are offered. Go to PosterPresentations.com for more information. Student discounts are available on our Facebook page. Go to PosterPresentations.com and click on the FB icon. ©2015 PosterPresentations.com 2117 Fourth Street, Unit C Berkeley CA 94710 posterpresenter@gmail.com Redesign the city’s freight transportation system so that it meets the EPA’s Tier 3 emission standards while maintaining the freight capacity of the old system. The solution must minimize the cost to all stakeholders involved with the project. Finally, the new freight system must alleviate the city’s smog problem. In the end the team must provide the city of Pittsdelphia with a recommended plan of action for implementing this new system, all while achieving a return on investment after the first two years. Current System 50 Tier 2 locomotives (including 5 spare locomotives) 20 Trains entering city per day (5 coal, 15 freight) 60,000 ton of coal per day 105,000 tons of freight per day Problem Statement Stake Holders and Customer Needs Freight Modes of Transportation Options Trains Freight Truck Freight Airplane Marine Ships Pipeline Current Real-World Urban Freight Transport Systems Majority of shipments made by trucks Rail preferred for longer distances (Stroko 2014, 6) Marine shipment is more viable in port cities Air shipments for expensive or high risk/value items (Eisele 2015) Pipeline transport when infrastructure is available. Alternative Fuels Compared to Diesel - (GE 2015) Biodiesels, electricity, ethanol, and natural gas provide environmental benefits Electricity, propane, and natural gas provide cost benefits Electricity has infrastructure limitations Biodiesels, ethanol, and natural gas have concerns with fuel efficiency Emissions by Mode of Transportation Current real world systems are not environmentally optimal Often determined by infrastructure High upfront cost prevents investment in better infrastructure to reduce emissions Cost by Mode of Transportation Current system is not the most cost effective Limited by infrastructure External Search Concept Generation and Down Selection Final Solution Sell all 50 Tier 2 locomotives Purchase 44 Tier 4 locomotives (including 5 backup locomotives) Purchase two 15,000 ton freight ships This system will be able to increase Pittsdelphia’s freight capacity to 171,300 tons of daily shipment. The goal of reducing emissions and smog has also been met. Also, a 2 year return on investment is achievable due to low initial and reoccurring costs of marine freight shipment system. Final Cost and Emissions Calculations System Diagram 4 General Stake Holders City of Pittsdelphia and its residence General Electric Environmental Protection Agency Transport Operators 5 Categories of Customer Needs 1.Environmentally friendly (0.2927) 1.1 Low NOx emissions 1.2 Low PM emissions C.1 Meet tier 3 EPA standard 2. Long Term Costs (0.1414) 2.1 Low operating costs of transportation methods 2.2 Low maintenance cost for transportation methods 3. Satisfy shipments (0.3513) 3.1 Safely transport all freight from shipper to receiver C.2 Transport 165,000 tons a day 4. Improved resident life (0.1391) 4.1 Low noise from transportation methods 4.2 reduced smog in city 5. External (Initial) Costs (0.0755) 5.1 Low upfront costs on new transportation methods 5.2 Low accident risk cost 5.3 Minimal traffic congestion Paul Boehringer, Evan Dillen, Zach Hahn, Michael Szczesniak Team 3: On the Right TrackDecember 8 th, 2015 Cost and Emissions Reduction of Freight Transport in the City of Pittsdelphia Engineering Design 100 H Total Upfront Cost Annual Recurring Cost Total Annual NOx (gal) Total Annual PM (gal) Trains$180,000,000$176,459,2502,135,250,00049,275,000 Ships$112,000,000$73,510,5321,566,213,09736,143,379 Planes$465,850,000,000$5,500,000,00021,426,000,000537,097,500 Trucks$9,125,000,000$1,846,816,0505,790,810,810127,880,357 Total Annual NOx (gal) Total Annual PM (gal) Old System Emissions 8,896,875,000379,038,462 Emissions from Trains 1,580,085,00036,463,500 Emissions from Ships407,215,4059,397,235 Total New Emissions1,987,300,40545,860,735 Emissions Savings6,909,574,595333,177,727 Percent Reduction77%87% Total Initial Cost Annual Recurring Cost Cost of Trains$133,200,000$96,391,734 Cost of Ships$29,120,000$19,122,738 Revenue from Tier 2's $75,000,000N/A Total Cost$87,320,000$115,513,472 Fuel TypePrice Biodiesel (B20)$2.93/gallon Biodiesel (B99-B100)$3.55/gallon Electricity$0.12/kWh Ethanol (E85)$2.36/gallon Initial Down Selection of Solution Options Removal of pipeline in solution - Extreme upfront cost to lay pipe, up to $6.5 million/mile (Smith 2014) - Limited usage for fluid shipments only Removal of alternative fuels in solution - High upfront costs not justified by cost and emissions benefits - $1 million per locomotive to upgrade to alternative fuels - $1 billion cost for alternative fueling station infrastructure - Effective in long term, but will not provide a 2 year return on investment Remaining Solution options -Airplanes -Trains - Trucks -Marine Ships Miscellaneous considerations and assumptions Average of 500 mile shipment of freight Average of 140 miles for shipment of coal (U.S. Coal 2015) Water ways and ports available All exporters within 24-hour range of city Considerations for solution Initial Costs Annual NOx emissions Annual Particulate Matter emissions Fuel costs Maintenance and Usage costs Figure 1. GE Locomotive Tier Emissions Figure 4. Final System Diagram for Freight Transport in Pittsdelphia Figure 3. Final Distribution of Freight by Mode Table 2. Cost and Emissions calculations by Mode for 100% of freight Table 4. Final Emissions calculations Table 3. Final Cost calculations Figure 2. Freight Distribution by Distance Table 1. National Average Price by Fuel Type Fuel TypePrice Natural Gas (CNG)$2.12/GGE Propane$2.90/gallon Gasoline$2.82/gallon Diesel$2.93/gallon