1. Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 65 Topic: 12.7: Equilibrium Essential Questions: None. 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules 12.7: Equilibrium Take out Lab 32 for signature

2. Taping time 42: Lab 30 58: Cross section of cochlea 61: How sound travels through inner ear 62: Clinical application 12.4-5 62: Lab 32 Ear and Hearing 63: Conductive v. sensorineural hearing loss

3. Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 65 Topic: 12.7: Equilibrium Essential Questions: None. 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules 12.7: Equilibrium Take out P. 65 for signature

4. 4 Static Equilibrium P. 463-464Dynamic Equilibrium P.464-466 Define: Location of inner ear: Utricle and Saccule: Communicates with: Hairs are _______________when head is upright Ampulla: Communicates with: Hairs are _______________when head is straight Describe the physical features of the macula: Describe the physical features of the crista ampullaris: How nerve impulse is stimulated and sent to brain and brain’s response: Draw a picture of the macula with head straight up and head bent forward Draw a picture of the crista ampullaris when still and when in motion. Create a table on pg. 65 of your notes P. 463-466 in text

5. 5 Static Equilibrium P. 463-464 Dynamic Equilibrium P.464-466 Define: Specific location of inner ear: Utricle: Communicates with: Hairs of macula project _____________________ when head is straight. Saccule: Communicates with: Hairs of macula project _____________________ when head is straight Ampulla: Communicates with: Hairs of crista ampullaris project ____________________when head is in a still position Describe the physical features of the macula and its hair cells. Include how gravity stimulates hair cell response. Describe the physical features of the crista ampullaris and its hair cells. Include how movement stimulates hair cell response. Draw a picture of the macula with head straight up and head bent forward. Draw a picture of the crista ampullaris when still and when in motion. How nerve impulse is stimulated and sent to brain and brains reaction: How nerve impulse is stimulated and sent to brain and brains reaction:

6. 6

7. 7 REVIEW: Special Senses Location of special senses? Sensory receptors are within large, complex sensory organs in the head Equilibrium in ears------>hair cells

8. The Inner Ear and Equilibrium 3m12s

9. 9

10. 10 Static Equilibrium Static Equilibrium: Balance when still Location: The organs of static equilibrium are located within the vestibule

11. 11 Inside the vestibule are two expanded chambers: Utricle: communicates with the saccule and the semicircular canals Saccule communicates with the cochlear duct Static Equilibrium

12. 12 The utricle and saccule each have a small patch of hair cells and supporting cells called a macula (mack-u-lah) on its wall Has hair cells act as sensory receptors Responds to changes in head position Gravity stimulates hair cells to respond Static Equilibrium

13. 13 When is head is upright: Utricle: hairs of macula project vertically Saccule: hairs of macula project horizontally Head upright Static Equilibrium

14. 14 The hairs contact a sheet of gelatinous material that have crystals of calcium carbonate embedded on its surface These add weight making it more responsive to changes in position Static Equilibrium

15. Gravity stimulates hair cells to respond This usually occurs when the head bends forward, backward or to one side The sagging of the gel material cause the hair cells to bend

16. Static Equilibrium This causes a nerve impulse to generate Travels to the CNS by means of the vestibular branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve This informs the brain of the head’s position

17. Static Equilibrium

18. Static Equilibrium: Vestibule The brain responds by sending motor impulses to skeletal muscles, and they may contract or relax appropriately to maintain balance

19. What would happen if the brain did not respond by sending signals to maintain balance?

20. 20 Dynamic Equilibrium Dynamic Equilibrium is balance when in motion Location: The organs of dynamic equilibrium are located within the semicircular canals

21. 21 Inside the semicircular canals are swellings of membranous labyrinth called ampulla (am-pu-lah) Communicates with the utricle of the vestibule Dynamic Equilibrium

22. 22 The ampulla houses a sensory organ called the crista ampullaris Has hair cells that react to rapid movement of head or body Responds to changes in head position Movements in different directions affect different combinations of semicircular canals Dynamic Equilibrium

24. This causes a nerve impulse to generate Travels to the CNS by means of the vestibular branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve The brain interprets as movements in different directions Dynamic Equilibrium

26. The brain responds by sending motor impulses to skeletal muscles, and they may contract or relax appropriately to maintain balance Allows brain to predict the consequence of rapid body movements, allowing the skeletal muscles to maintain normal balance Dynamic Equilibrium

28. 28 Macula Also participates in the sense of dynamic equilibrium Aids the brain in detecting movements such as falling or maintaining posture while walking Dynamic Equilibrium

29. The Vestibular System and Endolymph Movement 3m12s http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dSHnGO9qGsE Bottom of 64 video notes x3

30. Crash Course: Hearing and Balance 7m34s- 10m39s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ie2j7GpC4JU Bottom of 64 video notes x3

31. On the top ½ of p. 64 Write a summary on motion sickness What is it? Cause? Names of disorders associated with motion sickness Treatment options 31 Motion Sickness

32. Disturbance of the inner ear’s sensation of balance Cause not 100% known Theory: Occurs when visual information contradicts the inner ear’s sensation that one is motionless Ex: Woman in a car. Her inner ears tell her she is not moving. Her eyes tell her that she is. Brain reacts by signaling a “vomiting center” in the medulla oblongata Top ½ of P. 64: Write a summary about what causes motion sickness

33. Vertigo 4m29s http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CpLa5FgD52w Top of 64 video notes x3

34. The Science of Motion Sickness 4m59s Top of 64 video notes x3

35. Lab 33: Equilibrium 35