1. Landmark Supreme Court Cases Proving that the Bill of Rights protects you.

2. Mapp v. Ohio (1961) Issue: Can illegally obtained evidence be used in court? Outcome: No – it is a violation of the 4 th Amendment

3. Engel v. Vitale (1962) Issue: Is public prayer allowed in schools? Outcome: No – it violates the 1 st Amendment freedom of religion

4. Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) Issue: Should a person be given a lawyer if he or she cannot afford one? Outcome: Yes – part of your due process given in the 5 th Amendment and became an addition to the 6 th Amendment

6. Miranda v. Arizona (1966) Issue: Does due process include having to be informed about your rights? Outcome: Yes – all persons being questioned must be read their “Miranda Rights,” this is part of the 5 th Amendment

8. Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) Issue: Can a student wear something to school that illustrates their opinions, or is it considered a distraction? Outcome: Yes – it is considered to be symbolic speech and is protected by the 1 st Amendment.

10. Furman v. Georgia (1972) Issue: Should the death penalty be legal? Outcome: No – it violates the 8 th, 10 th Amendment and the 14 th if not fairly distributed

11. Roe v. Wade (1973) Issue: Does a woman have the right to an abortion for any reason that she wishes? Outcome: Yes – taking this away from the woman violates her 9 th Amendment right to privacy, however the fetus cannot be able to live on its own

12. Gregg v. Georgia (1976) Issue: Should the death penalty be reinstated? Outcome: Yes – it is no longer considered a violation of the 8 th, 10 or 14 th Amendment

13. New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985) Issue: Can students’ belongings be searched without a warrant? Outcome: Yes – student’s rights are restricted at school, including the 4 th Amendment

14. Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988) Issue: Do schools have the right to censor information that is presented in a school newspaper? Outcome: Yes – the principal is allowed to act as editor-in-chief and can therefore limit a student’s right to freedom of press.

15. Texas v. Johnson (1989) Issue: Does a citizen have the right to burn a U.S. flag if they wish? Outcome: Yes – it is protected under the 1 st Amendment’s freedom of speech as a form of expression.