1. Warm Up! What are viruses? What are some illnesses caused by viruses?

2. VIRUSES tiny parasites depending entirely on a host to survive

3. Virus Structure  1. Genetic material (DNA or RNA)  2. Protein coat (capsid) enclosing the DNA/RNA  3. In some, a lipid envelope surrounds the protein

4. 1000s of different kinds Many different shapes

5. Living or Non-Living? Only active when inside a host cell Use that cell to reproduce new viruses 100X smaller than bacteria

6. VIRAL DISEASES AIDS (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) Flu (Influenza virus) Chicken Pox “Kissing Disease” (Mononucleosis; EBV) Hepatitis (Hepatitis A, B, C, etc) Colds Measles

7. Q. How do we treat viruses? A. With an antiviral. A. With an antiviral. 1. Medicine –stops a virus from reproducing in our cells 2. There are VERY few antivirals. 3. More toxic to our normal cells. How can we protect ourselves from viruses? How can we protect ourselves from viruses?

8. Discuss! What is a vaccine? How does it work?

9. Vaccines 1. What is it? 1. What is it?  Part of a bacteria OR virus (or a weakened version of the organism) is injected into a person. To be most protective, a person is injected multiple times months apart. 2. How does it work? 2. How does it work?  The vaccine does NOT give the person the disease, BUT the immune system of the person “SEES” the bacteria or virus as an invader and REACTS to it by preparing the weapons to fight it off.

10. Antibodies specific for a single virus or bacteria specific for a single virus or bacteria bind to the specific virus or bacteria to stop it from infecting you. bind to the specific virus or bacteria to stop it from infecting you.

11. If you have been vaccinated… Your body will recognize the virus immediately and already has the weapons to fight it off. Your body will recognize the virus immediately and already has the weapons to fight it off.

12. How else do we prevent disease? Excellent Sanitation Practices! Wash hands frequently Wash hands frequently Wash foods before eating Wash foods before eating Careful food storage and preparation Careful food storage and preparation Treatment of human excrement to kill infectious agents Treatment of human excrement to kill infectious agents Clean water supplies for drinking Clean water supplies for drinking Clean cuts & wounds immediately after getting them Clean cuts & wounds immediately after getting them Sterile practices in hospitals Sterile practices in hospitals

13. Make a Venn Diagram! Compare & Contrast Viruses and Bacteria Include: size, structure, treatment/prevention, living/non-living