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Microbiology Review EOG Review May 12-16
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Microbe Small organism you can only see with a microscope Ex. Virus, bacteria, protist, protozoa
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Some microbes can be pathogens… Pathogen: something that causes a disease Ex. Virus, bacteria, parasite Remember: Not all microbes can cause disease. There’s good bacteria, too!
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Virus Non-living pathogen Does not need to eat Needs a host cell to reproduce Prevention: VACCINE Treatment: Anti-viral meds (NOT antibiotics) Ex. Influenza, Common Cold (Rhinovirus), West Nile Virus, Ebola, HIV, Polio, Chicken Pox
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Bacteria Living pathogen Prokaryote, single celled Found EVERYWHERE! 3 Shapes: Rod, Round, Spiral Treatment: Antibiotics Take all prescribed – or could become RESISTANT!
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Bacteria cont. GOOD 1.Digestion 2.Help decompose 3.Bioremediation 4.Water Treatment (break down sewage) BAD Cause disease
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Best Prevention WASH YOUR HANDS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
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Protist/Protozoa Eukaryotic Cells 1. Paramecium – cilia (small hairs) 2. Amoeba – pseudopod (fake foot) 3. Volvox - colonies, flagella 4. Euglena – flagella (whip-like tail)
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Fungi Eukaryotic Feeds off other organism Treatment: antifungal meds Ex. Athletes foot, Ringworm, Yeast Infection
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How Diseases Spread Vector: Organism that spreads disease Carrier: human that has a disease whether they know it or not. Ex. Tick, mosquito, rat Ex. TYPHOID MARY, AIDS PAITENT
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How Diseases Spread Epidemic Outbreak of disease in a community or region NOT over entire continent or world EX. PLAGUE Pandemic World-wide epidemic OR epidemic over whole continent EX. INFLUENZA OF 1918.
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CELLS
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Cells All living things have cells Prokaryotic: NO nucleus (Pro=No) Eukaryotic: YES nucleus (Eu=Yes)
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Organelle: Parts of a cell Nucleus: control center Mitochondria: makes energy, Cellular Respiration Cell Membrane: “gate keeper,” surrounds cell Chloroplast: photosynthesis, only in plant cells
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Mitosis vs. Meiosis Mitosis : Cell divides PMATC Makes 2 identical new cells Helps replace old cells Meiosis : Sex cell divides PMATX2 THEN C Makes 4 different gametes (sperm, egg)
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Cancer Uncontrolled mitosis Cells divide out of control Caused by a mutation in cell DNA
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