1. Energy Transformation Ms. Lowrie Biology 11

2. Energy Energy storage & conversion are critical for life Examples: Photosynthesis Cellular respiration

3. Photosynthesis Solar energy is converted to energy Stored in chemical bonds of carbohydrates

4. Cellular Respiration Carbohydrates are broken down Energy released Stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

5. Figure 3 (pg 60) Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis

6. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Usable cellular energy Composed of three phosphate groups Bonds store energy

7. ATP Functions Used for: Chemical synthesis Active transport Muscle contractions Nerve transmissions Photosynthesis

8. ATP Releasing Energy If one phosphate removed Energy released ADP: Adenosine diphosphate If 2 nd phosphate removed More energy released AMP: Adenosine monophosphate

9. Lose Gain

10. Phosphorylation Addition of a phosphate group AMP to ADP ADP to ATP Created from conversion of high-energy molecules to low-energy molecules Supply of ATP must constantly be replenished

11. Task Use notes & pages 58 – 60 Answer: #3 & 5 (pg 60) #1 & 2 (pg 64)

12. #3 – All Energy Linked to Sun Plants Capture sun Make glucose Animals Consume plants & other animals Obtain energy

13. #5 – Autotroph vs. Heterotroph Autotrophs Obtain energy from sun Light energy Example: Plants Heterotrophs Obtain energy from consuming plants and/or animals Chemical energy Example: Animals

15. #1 – ATP & ADP ATP Adenosine triphosphate Three phosphate groups High energy Contained in phosphate bonds Usable energy ADP Adenosine diphosphate Two phosphate groups Less energy than ATP

16. #2 – Glucose to ATP Glucose has too much energy Therefore unusable by cell Must be converted into ATP Usable energy