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The Middle East Major Religions. Monotheism : Belief that one god exists Abrahamic religions: Christianity, Judaism, and Islam.

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Presentation on theme: "The Middle East Major Religions. Monotheism : Belief that one god exists Abrahamic religions: Christianity, Judaism, and Islam."— Presentation transcript:

1 The Middle East Major Religions

2 Monotheism : Belief that one god exists Abrahamic religions: Christianity, Judaism, and Islam

3 Abrahamic Religions It has been suggested that the phrase, "Abrahamic religion," may simply mean that all three religions come from one spiritual source. Christians refer to Abraham as a "father in faith”. There is an Islamic religious term, Millat Ibrahim ("nation" or people of Abraham),indicating that Islam sees itself as having practices tied to the traditions of Abraham. In addition to Jewish direct birth descendancy from Abraham, adherents follow his practices and ideals as the first of the three "fathers," Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. All three major Abrahamic religions make some claim that their founders were direct descendants of Abraham. Abraham is recorded in the Torah as the ancestor of the Israelites through his son Isaac, born to Sarah through a promise made in Genesis. All variants of Judaism through the early twentieth century (prophetic, rabbinic, reform, and conservative) were founded by Israelite descendants. Christianity is sourced from Christ, known to be Jewish, and therefore making the same ancestry claim as above. Muslims have a traditional that Muhammad, as a Mecca-region Arab, descends from Abraham's son Ishmael

4 Judaism The major source of monotheism in the modern Western World->Hebrew Bible, the source of Judaism Holy BookTorah AdherentsJewish people FoundingUnknown-over 3,000 years ago LanguageHebrew Holy cityJerusalem HomelandIsrael Place of worshipSynagogue Religious teacher/leader Rabbi Prophet/interpret ter Moses Religious clothingEx: Kippah

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6 Christianity Religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament. Holy BookBible- old testament-New Testament AdherentsChristian Founding33 CE LanguageAramaic, Greek, Latin Holy cityJerusalem HomelandIsrael Place of worshipChurch Messiah/saviorJesus Christ Religious teacher/leader Priest Religious clothingEx: Nun’s Habit

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8 Christian/Catholic/Protestant Are the they same or are they different? – Christian: belief that Christ is the Savoir – Protestant Reformation 16 th Century started by Martin Luther and John Calvin – Prompted by Corruption in the Papacy and the ability to purchase salvation BeliefCatholicProtestant Salvation7 sacramentsFaith Alone EucharistActualSymbolic (mostly) CommunicationAssistedDirect

9 Islam Holy BookQur’an AdherentsMuslim Founding622 CE LanguageArabic Holy cityJerusalem HomelandSaudi Arabia Place of worshipMosque ProphetMuhhamad Religious teacher/leader Imam Religious clothing Ex: Hijab An adherent of Islam is a Muslim, meaning "one who submits (to God)".

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11 IslamJudaismChristianity adherents calledMuslimsJewsChristians current adherents1.3 billion14 million2 billion current size rank2nd largest12th largestlargest major concentrationMiddle East, Southeast AsiaIsrael, Europe, USA Europe, North and South America, rapid growth in Africa sacred textQur'an (Koran)TorahBible (Jewish Bible + New Testament) other written authorityHadithTalmud, Midrash, Responsa church fathers, church councils, papal decrees (Catholic only) religious lawShariaHalakhahCanon Law clergyImams, hafis, Mufdirabbispriests, ministers, pastors, bishops house of worshipmosquesynagoguechurch, chapel, cathedral main day of worshipFridaySaturdaySunday church and stateintegratedseparate

12 IslamJudaismChristianity date founded622 CEunknownc. 33 CE place foundedSaudi ArabiaPalestine (def)defPalestine founderMuhammadMoses or AbrahamJesus original language(s)ArabicHebrewAramaic, Greek early expansion within 12 years, entire Arabian peninsula; within 100 years, Muslim world stretched from the Atlantic to China little expansion; mostly confined to Palestine within 60 years, churches in major cities in Palestine, Turkey, Greece and Rome (map); entire Roman Empire by end of 4th cent.map major splitsShia/Sunni, c. 650 CEReform/Orthodox, 1800s CE Catholic/Orthodox, 1054 CE; Catholic/Protestant, 1500s CE

13 Similarities and Difference: At the end of your notes, answer in 3-5 sentences: Are the major religions of the Middle East more similar or more different?


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