1. 2 Jun 09 UNCLASSIFIED 10th GHRSST Science Team Meeting Santa Rosa, CA 1 – 5 June 2009 1 Presented by Bruce McKenzie Charlie N. Barron, A.B. Kara, C. Rowley and J.M. Dastugue Naval Research Laboratory Stennis Space Center, MS Supported through the Multi-sensor Improved Sea Surface Temperature (MISST) for GODAE project Global evaluation of single source and multi-sensor SST analyses

2. 2 Jun 09 UNCLASSIFIED 10th GHRSST Science Team Meeting Santa Rosa, CA 1 – 5 June 2009 2 Global evaluation of single source and multi-sensor SST analyses Navy SST Input data Single-source SST Multi-sensor SST Conclusions/plans

3. 2 Jun 09 UNCLASSIFIED 3 10th GHRSST Science Team Meeting Santa Rosa, CA 1 – 5 June 2009 Present: Single-Sensor SST MODAS SST: (Barron and Kara, Geophys. Res. Lett., 2006) 1/8° daily OI of AVHRR data only (NAVOCEANO NLSST) Data available 1993-presentwww7320.nrlssc.navy.mil/modas2d AVHRR (IR)Single-Sensor MODAS SST

4. 2 Jun 09 UNCLASSIFIED 4 10th GHRSST Science Team Meeting Santa Rosa, CA 1 – 5 June 2009 TMI (MW) Under evaluation: Multi-Sensor SST NCODA: (Cummings, QJR Met. Soc., 2005) 12 km 6-hourly analysis of AVHRR, AMSR-E (MW) and in situ obs Other data streams (GOES, MODIS) can be added SSM/I ice (MW) AMSR-E (MW) in situ GOES (IR) MODIS (IR) AVHRR (IR)Multi-Sensor NCODA SST

5. 2 Jun 09 UNCLASSIFIED 5 10th GHRSST Science Team Meeting Santa Rosa, CA 1 – 5 June 2009 Distribution of SST observations Data from a 11-hour NCODA window around 00Z 17 February 2008. Satellites are the primary data source ~1,000,000 Satellite obs. versus ~2,000 in situ obs each 6 hours

6. 2 Jun 09 UNCLASSIFIED 6 10th GHRSST Science Team Meeting Santa Rosa, CA 1 – 5 June 2009 microwave (MW) TMI, AMSR-E ~50-70-km footprint obscured near land, precipitation SST data products/sources infrared (IR) AVHRR 4-km footprint obscured by clouds, aerosols, fog in situ XBT, CTD, gliders, moored and drifting buoys point measurement not obscured by atmosphere MODAS 1/8° RTG 1/2° RSS MW 1/4°

7. 2 Jun 09 UNCLASSIFIED 7 10th GHRSST Science Team Meeting Santa Rosa, CA 1 – 5 June 2009 MODAS/RTG/RSS MW: in-situ validation Locations of data used for SST evaluation: Jun 2002 - May 2006 SSTMean error °CRMS error °CN points MODAS 1/8°0.000.69111314 RTG 1/2°-0.030.70112892 RSS MW 1/4°-0.120.64105232

8. 2 Jun 09 UNCLASSIFIED 8 10th GHRSST Science Team Meeting Santa Rosa, CA 1 – 5 June 2009 MW should help in cloudy regions Map of mean annual cloud cover combining daytime and nighttime data from 1982-2001 data acquired by the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project.

9. 2 Jun 09 UNCLASSIFIED 9 10th GHRSST Science Team Meeting Santa Rosa, CA 1 – 5 June 2009 Bias and skill between single-source SST 1-(RMSD) 2 /σ 2

10. 2 Jun 09 UNCLASSIFIED 10 10th GHRSST Science Team Meeting Santa Rosa, CA 1 – 5 June 2009 Multi-Sensor SST Challenges-1 Sequential 6-hour analyses Focus on Kuroshio extension AMSR-E + AVHRR AVHRR AMSR-E

11. 2 Jun 09 UNCLASSIFIED 11 10th GHRSST Science Team Meeting Santa Rosa, CA 1 – 5 June 2009 Multi-Sensor SST Challenges-1 Sequential 6-hour analyses Focus on Kuroshio extension AMSR-E + AVHRR AVHRR AMSR-E 16 Feb 1800Z 2008 17 Feb 0000Z 2008 17 Feb 1200Z 2008 17 Feb 0600Z 2008

12. 2 Jun 09 UNCLASSIFIED 12 10th GHRSST Science Team Meeting Santa Rosa, CA 1 – 5 June 2009 Analysis Increment (°C) Multi-Sensor SST Challenges-2 Sequential 6- hour analyses Circled area observed by AMSR-E then AVHRR Large warm increment when using AMSR-E Corresponding large cold increment when AVHRR is assimilated AMSR-E + AVHRR AVHRR AMSR-E 16 Feb 1800Z 2008 17 Feb 0000Z 2008 17 Feb 1200Z 2008 17 Feb 0600Z 2008

13. 2 Jun 09 UNCLASSIFIED 13 10th GHRSST Science Team Meeting Santa Rosa, CA 1 – 5 June 2009 Multi-Sensor SST Challenges-2 Sequential 6- hour analyses Circled area observed by AMSR-E then AVHRR Large warm increment when using AMSR-E Corresponding large cold increment when AVHRR is assimilated AMSR-E + AVHRR AVHRR AMSR-E

14. 2 Jun 09 UNCLASSIFIED 14 10th GHRSST Science Team Meeting Santa Rosa, CA 1 – 5 June 2009 Validation relative to drifting buoys before assimilation Slightly larger bias and RMS error in case assimilating AMSR-E Need longer time series with common input and validation data Multi-Sensor SST Challenges NCODA SST - with AMSR-E means: RMS 0.31°C bias +0.03°C NCODA SST - No AMSR-E means: RMS 0.27°C bias -0.01°C

15. 2 Jun 09 UNCLASSIFIED 15 10th GHRSST Science Team Meeting Santa Rosa, CA 1 – 5 June 2009 Conclusions MW SST observations are likely to be most important in high-latitude areas of persistent cloud cover. IR observations are required in coastal regions. Differences in the ITCZ are related to cloud cover (IR), episodic precipitation (IR and MW) and coarse resolution over fine scales (MW). Continue evaluating impact of bias, horizontal resolution. Similar overall RMS errors may mask regional differences. Need to verify advantages of MW at high latitudes and IR in coastal regions. Need to ensure uniform data streams for evaluations of multi-sensor (IR+MW+in situ) NCODA SST.

16. 2 Jun 09 UNCLASSIFIED 16 10th GHRSST Science Team Meeting Santa Rosa, CA 1 – 5 June 2009 Questions? Charlie Barron at the Naval Research Lab, Stennis Space Center, MS charlie.barron@nrlssc.navy.mil

17. 2 Jun 09 UNCLASSIFIED 10th GHRSST Science Team Meeting Santa Rosa, CA 1 – 5 June 2009 17 MODAS/RTG/RSS MW: time scales MODAS 1/8º RTG 1/2º RSS MW 1/4º Time lag for which autocorrelation is 0.7 over June 2002 - June 2006. Generally similar time scales from all SST products. Shorter time scales in Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Longer time scales in mid-latitudes.

18. 2 Jun 09 UNCLASSIFIED 18 10th GHRSST Science Team Meeting Santa Rosa, CA 1 – 5 June 2009 Ocean Data Assimilation: SST Initial evaluation from FY08

19. 2 Jun 09 UNCLASSIFIED 19 10th GHRSST Science Team Meeting Santa Rosa, CA 1 – 5 June 2009 Multi-Sensor SST Challenges

20. 2 Jun 09 UNCLASSIFIED 20 10th GHRSST Science Team Meeting Santa Rosa, CA 1 – 5 June 2009 Multi-Sensor SST Challenges