1. MRS. FRASCA Introduction to Cancers

2. What is Cancer? Cancer is a term used for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and are able to invade other tissues There are more than 100 different types of cancer

3. What is Cancer? Cancers can be grouped into several categories:  Carcinoma (Begins in skin or tissues that line or cover internal organs)  Sarcoma (Begins in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, or other connective/supportive tissue)  Leukemia (Starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow)  Lymphoma and Myeloma (Begins in the immune system)  Central Nervous System Cancers (begins in brain and spinal cord)

4. How Does Cancer Happen? EXPLANATION: The body is made up of many cells. These cells grow and divide in a way to produce more cells as needed to keep the body healthy. When cells become old or damaged, they die and are replaced with new healthy cells. However, sometimes this process goes wrong.

5. How Does Cancer Happen?

6. The genetic material (DNA) of a cell can become damaged or changed, producing mutations that affect normal cell growth and division. When this happens, cells do not die when they should and new cells form when the body does not need them. The extra cells may form a mass of tissue called a tumor.

7. Tumors Not all tumors are cancerous, they can be benign or malignant  Benign = not cancerous  Can usually be removed  Usually don’t spread through out body  Malignant = cancerous  Cells invade tissue and spread through body  “Metastasis” = The spread of cancer from 1 body part to another

8. How Does Cancer Happen? Cancer can spread to other parts of the body through the blood or lymph systems Cancers are named based on the organ or body part in which they started

9. Quick Videos http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LEpTTolebqo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q9cuEYSt0GE

10. Common Types of Cancer Bladder Cancer Breast Cancer Colon and Rectal Cancer Endometrial Cancer Leukemia Lung Cancer Pancreatic Cancer Prostate Cancer Thyroid Cancer

11. Cancer Facts Estimates for 2011 (American Cancer Society) Cancer TypeEstimated New Cases Estimated Deaths Bladder69,25014,990 Breast (Female – Male)230,480 – 2,140 39,520 – 450 Colon and Rectal (Combined)141,21049,380 Endometrial46,4708,120 Kidney (Renal Cell) Cancer56,04612,070 Leukemia (All Types)44,60021,780 Lung (Including Bronchus)221,130156,940 Melanoma70,2308,790 Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma66,36019,320 Pancreatic44,03037,660 Prostate240,89033,720 Thyroid48,0201,740

12. Types of Cancer

13. Cancer Facts Estimated new cases and deaths from cancer in the United States in 2012:  New cases: 1,638,910 (does not include nonmelanoma skin cancers)  Deaths: 577,190

14. Case Study and Presentations Read through the case study of Union Carbide in Bhopal, India Discuss and reflect on the events In groups, students will locate and identify similar events (when a big business exposed innocent people to harmful chemicals/environments/products/etc.)

15. Bladder Cancer - Cancer that forms in the tissues of the bladder - Chronic irritation and inflammation - Smoking implicated in ½ of the cases in women

16. Breast Cancer Cancer that forms in the tissue of the breast Usually in the ducts (tubes that carry milk) or the lobules (glands that make milk) Occurs in men and women

17. Colon and Rectal Cancer Colon Cancer = forms in the tissues of the colon (the longest part of the large intestine) Rectal Cancer = forms in the last several inches of the large intestine

18. Endometrial Cancer Starts in the endometrium (the lining of the uterus) Only in WOMEN!!! Most common type of uterine cancer Exact cause is still unknown but experts have linked high levels of estrogen to endometrial cancer

19. Leukemia Starts in blood-forming tissue such as bone marrow Causes large number of blood cells to be produced and to enter the bloodstream Acute Leukemia = fast spread through bloodstream (common In children) Chronic Leukemia = slow progression (more common in Elderly)

20. Hodgkins Non-Hodgkins genetic Autoimmune disease HIV/AIDS Lymphoma

21. Lung Cancer Forms in the tissue of the lung, usually the cells lining the air passages 2 types:  Non-small cell (common)  Small cell (rare) (depends how cells look under a microscope)

22. Lung Cancer Deadliest form of cancer Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer  However, people who have never smoked have developed this cancer Other risk factors:  Asbestos  Toxic gases  Contaminated waters  High levels of air pollution

23. Pancreatic Cancer A disease where malignant cells are found in the tissue of the pancreas Quick note:  The pancreas is a gland located deep in the abdomen  It releases enzymes and hormones needed to break down foods for digestion

24. Pancreatic Cancer Hard to diagnose, and therefore, usually leads to death Signs and symptoms normally do not appear until cancer is very advanced If cancer is suspected, tests such as: MRI’s, ultrasounds, and CT scans may be necessary

25. Prostate Cancer Cancer forms in tissue of the prostate (gland found in the male reproductive system) (Below the bladder and in front of the rectum) ONLY in men!!!! Usually in older men

26. Prostate Cancer

27. Thyroid Cancer Begins in the tissue of the Thyroid The thyroid is located in the front lower part of your neck Your thyroid produces hormones that regulate your blood pressure, heart rate, and weight Most cases can be cured with treatment

28. Thyroid Cancer

29. Skin Cancer

30. Intro to Cancers Some risk factors of cancer that WE CAN control  Oral Cancer and Smoking:  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MhMT5VWB99Q http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MhMT5VWB99Q  Lung Cancer and Smoking:  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5zWB4dLYChM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5zWB4dLYChM  Skin Cancer and Exposure to the Sun:  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c96KdYjX4Bw http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c96KdYjX4Bw

31. Cancers and Treatments Surgery  Main goal is to remove malignant cells and prevent spread of cancer Radiation  Uses high-energy particles or waves to destroy cancer cells Chemotherapy  Use of medicines or drugs Transplants and transfusions  Donations of healthy blood, bone marrow, organs, etc. Additional Options  Light therapy, heat therapy, immunotherapy, etc.

32. Cancer Prevention Stay away from tobacco. Stay at a healthy weight. Get moving with regular physical activity. Eat healthy with plenty of fruits and vegetables. Limit how much alcohol you drink (if you drink at all). Protect your skin. Know yourself, your family history, and your risks. Have regular check-ups and cancer screening tests.

33. Assignment: Using the internet, identify another type of cancer that we did not address in these slides (or that you would like to learn more about) Answer:  What is the name of this cancer?  Where in the body is it found?  How common is this cancer?  What are the symptoms/signs/side effects?  What is the most common form of treatment?

34. Cancer Movie Options 50/50 My Sister’s Keeper Stepmom Erin Brockovich

35. Cancer Video Watch extended video or movie