1. Do Now! #2 Draw the water cycle. Draw the water cycle. Describe the following terms: Describe the following terms: Evaporation: Evaporation: Condensation: Condensation: Precipitation: Precipitation:

2. Chapter 3 http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/s acsc.html http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/s acsc.html http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/s acsc.html Section 3, Part 1: The Hydrosphere

3. The Hydrosphere and the Water Cycle Hydrosphere: contains all water on or near Earth’s surface. Hydrosphere: contains all water on or near Earth’s surface. Water in oceans, lakes, rivers, wetlands, polar ice caps, soil, rock layers beneath earth’s surface, and clouds.

4. Water cycle: continuous movement of water into the air, onto land, and back to water sources. Water cycle: continuous movement of water into the air, onto land, and back to water sources. Evaporation: process by which liquid water is heated by the sun and then rises into the atmosphere as water vapor. Evaporation: process by which liquid water is heated by the sun and then rises into the atmosphere as water vapor.

5. Condensation: water vapor forms water droplets on dust particles. Condensation: water vapor forms water droplets on dust particles. Precipitation: larger water droplets fall from clouds as rain. Precipitation: larger water droplets fall from clouds as rain.

6. Earth’s Oceans All oceans are joined to form “World Ocean.” All oceans are joined to form “World Ocean.” Ocean plays many important roles in regulating our planet’s environment. Ocean plays many important roles in regulating our planet’s environment. Oceans—largest to smallest—Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic. Oceans—largest to smallest—Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic.

7. Ocean Water More salts than freshwater More salts than freshwater Salts from rocks on land, underwater volcanic eruptions, erosion. Salts from rocks on land, underwater volcanic eruptions, erosion. Salt: NaCl—sodium chloride Salt: NaCl—sodium chloride Average salinity: 3.5% by weight. Average salinity: 3.5% by weight.

8. Temperature Zones Surface of ocean warmed by sun. Surface of ocean warmed by sun. Depths of ocean very cold. Depths of ocean very cold. Surface waters stirred up by winds—warm water can reach as low as 450 m. Surface waters stirred up by winds—warm water can reach as low as 450 m. Thermocline: layer where temperature falls rapidly with depth. Thermocline: layer where temperature falls rapidly with depth.

9. A Global Temperature Regulator World ocean absorbs and stores energy from sunlight. (regulates earth’s temperature) World ocean absorbs and stores energy from sunlight. (regulates earth’s temperature) Ocean absorbs over ½ of solar radiation that reaches earth. Ocean absorbs over ½ of solar radiation that reaches earth. Without oceans, temperatures would be too extreme to live on earth. Without oceans, temperatures would be too extreme to live on earth.

10. Ocean Currents Surface Currents: streamlike movements of water that occur at or near ocean’s surface. Surface Currents: streamlike movements of water that occur at or near ocean’s surface. Driven by wind Can be warm or cold Warm and cold rarely mix

11. Surface currents can influence climates of land areas they flow past. Surface currents can influence climates of land areas they flow past. Deep Currents: form when cold, dense water from poles sinks below warm water. Deep Currents: form when cold, dense water from poles sinks below warm water.

12. Fresh Water Approx. 3% of all water on earth is FRESH WATER. Approx. 3% of all water on earth is FRESH WATER. Most is locked in icecaps and glaciers. Most is locked in icecaps and glaciers. Also found in lakes, rivers, wetlands, soil, rock layers below surface and atmosphere. Also found in lakes, rivers, wetlands, soil, rock layers below surface and atmosphere.

13. River Systems Network of streams that drains an area of land. Network of streams that drains an area of land. Contains all of the land drained by a river, including the main river and all tributaries. Contains all of the land drained by a river, including the main river and all tributaries.

14. Ground Water Rain and melting snow that sink into ground and run off land. Rain and melting snow that sink into ground and run off land. Fulfills the human need for fresh drinking water. Supplies water for many agricultural and industrial uses. Less than 1% of water on earth.

15. Aquifers Rock layer that stores and allows flow of ground water. Rock layer that stores and allows flow of ground water. Recharge zone: surface of land where water enters an aquifer. Recharge zone: surface of land where water enters an aquifer.

16. Chapter 3-Section 3: The Hydrosphere 1. Name and describe each of the three major processes in the water cycle. 2. Describe the properties of ocean water. 3. Describe two types of ocean currents. 4. Define the term “salinity.” 5. Currents at the surface of the ocean are moved mostly by a. heat a. heat b. wind b. wind c. salinity c. salinity d. the mixing of warm and cold water d. the mixing of warm and cold water