1. An Introduction

2. Marine Science The process of discovering the facts, processes, and unifying principles that explain the nature of the oceans and their associated life forms. Oceanography: the science of recording and describing the ocean’s contents and processes There are four main branches of oceanography: Biological: studies life in the ocean Geological: studies the geology of the ocean Physical: studies the physics within the marine environment Chemical: studies chemistry of seawater

3. The Ocean Planet The oceans produce two influences vital to life on Earth Weather and world climate patterns dictate how warm, cold, wet, dry it will be The oceans provide three important marine resources: Food Oxygen Natural Resources Humans have seen all of Earth’s surface, but there is FAR more below it than on it Humans increasingly change the oceans: Pollution Overfishing

4. The Five Oceans The ocean is the body of salt water that covers ¾ of Earth’s surface. It is subdivided into five smaller oceans.

5. Earth surface is… 29% dry land 71% water The water on Earth is… 97% salt water 3% fresh water

6. Pacific Ocean Largest ocean (~165.25 million sq. km) Deepest ocean Home to the most islands Contains the Marianas Trench Depth 10.99km Water pressure is 1,000x the surface

7. Atlantic Ocean 2 nd largest (~106.5 million sq. km) Named after the Atlas (Greek mythology) Bordered by North & South America Contains the Mid-Atlantic Ridge Largest undersea mountain range Source of major hurricanes

8. Indian Ocean 3 rd largest ocean (~73.5 million sq. km) Youngest ocean Created by the spreading mid-ocean ridges Early civilizations (Egypt and Mesopotamia) used it for sea trade Affected by monsoons and cyclones

9. Southern Ocean Named in 2000 2 nd smallest ocean ~20 million sq. km Includes all the ocean below 60° S latitude Frozen for much of the year

10. The Arctic Ocean Smallest (~14 million sq. km) Shallowest Freezes over in winter Melts back in summer Arctic ice is quickly melting away Expected to be ice free in summer by 2040

11. The Red Sea

12. The Mediterranean Sea

13. The Persian Gulf

14. The Black Sea

15. The Adriatic Sea

16. The Caspian Sea

17. The South China Sea

18. The Caribbean Sea

19. The Bering Sea

20. The Gulf of Mexico

21. The Arabian Sea

22. The Sea of Japan

23. The Hudson Bay