1. Unit 9: Ecology Test Review Answers 1) Play the slide show 2) Read the question & try to answer before clicking to see the answer. 3) Click to go to the next question

2. 1. What do you call the study of interactions between different organisms and their environments? ANSWER: ECOLOGY

3. 2. Define abiotic factor and biotic factor. Be able to what identify some examples of each. ANSWER: 1)ABIOTIC = nonliving parts of the environment Ex: rocks, temperature, water, soil. 2) BIOTIC = living organisms (or once living) Ex: Plants, animals

4. 3. Define habitat and niche. Be able to identify examples of each. ANSWER: Habitat = area/place where organisms live Niche = ROLE an organism has to ensure its survival

5. 4. Identify the correct term for each description and place them in order from SMALLEST to LARGEST ANSWER : # 5 BIOME Group of ecosystems with a similar climate. # 6 BIOSPHERE The portion of the earth that supports life, from the oceans to the atmosphere.

6. 4. Identify the correct term for each description and place them in order from SMALLEST to LARGEST ANSWER: # 3 COMMUNITY A group of different populations that interact together. # 4 ECOSYSTEM The interactions that occur between a community and the nonliving factors of the environment.

7. 4. Identify the correct term for each description and place them in order from SMALLEST to LARGEST ANSWER: # 1 ORGANISM One individual of one species. # 2 POPULATION A group of organisms of the same species that lives in the same place at the same time.

8. 5. What are the three factors that affect population size? ANSWER: 1) BIRTHS 2) DEATHS 3) MIGRATION (in and out)

9. 6. What is carrying capacity? [If given a graph of population growth, be able to describe what is happening at different stages and why] ANSWER: It is the largest number or maximum amount of organisms the environment can support.

10. 7. What is a limiting factor? ANSWER: It is something biotic (living) or abiotic (nonliving) that restricts the amount of organisms in an area.

11. 8. What type of limiting factor has an increasing effect as the population increases? ANSWER: DENSITY DEPENDENT

12. 9. What type of limiting factor has the same effect on the population regardless of its size? ANSWER: DENSITY INDEPENDENT

13. 10. What are three examples of DENSITY-INDEPENDENT ANSWER: 1) NATURAL DISASTERS 2) WEATHER 3) HUMAN ACTIVITIES

14. 11. What are three examples of DENSITY-DEPENDENT factors? ANSWER: 1) PREDATION 2) COMPETITION FOR RESOURCES 3) DISEASE

15. 12. What is the difference between more developed countries and less developed countries ANSWER: More developed countries have lower birth rates than less developed countries.

16. 13. What are three measures that can be done to reduce population growth? ANSWERS: 1. Strengthen family planning programs 2. Educate more women 3. Delay having children

17. 14. Explain/define the following types of relationships between organisms. Be able to identify examples. ANSWER: a. Predator/Prey = one species kills another b. Symbiosis = two different species living together with no killing

18. 15. Identify each type of symbiotic relationship. – You will have to write and explain an example of each type. ANSWER: a.One organism benefits but the other organism is unaffected = COMMENSALISM (ex: egret birds surrounding cattle, barnacles on a whale)

19. 15. Identify each type of symbiotic relationship. – You will have to write and explain an example of each type. ANSWER: b. One organism benefits but the other organism is harmed = PARASITISM (ex: mosquitos and humans, fleas on a dog)

20. 15. Identify each type of symbiotic relationship. – You will have to write and explain an example of each type. ANSWER: c. Both organisms in the relationship benefit = MUTUALISM (ex: clownfish living in an anemone, oxpecker birds sitting on a rhinoceros)

21. 16. Identify the following types of organisms: ANSWERS: a. Organisms that make their own food for energy = AUTOTROPH b. Organisms that eat only other animals = CARNIVORE c. Organisms that break down and absorb nutrients from dead organisms (microscopically) = DECOMPOSERS

22. 16. Identify the following types of organisms: ANSWER: d. Organisms that only eat plants = HERBIVORES e. Organisms that must feed on other organisms for energy = HETEROTROPH/CONSUMER

23. 16. Identify the following types of organisms: ANSWER: f. Organisms that eat both plants and animals = OMNIVORE g. Organisms that feed on the flesh of dead animals = SCAVENGER

24. 17. What do you call one path of energy flow that is found in the environment? ANSWER: FOOD CHAIN

25. 18. What do you call a diagram that shows all the possible feeding and energy relationships within a community? ANSWER: FOOD WEB

26. 19. Answer the following about the food chains and food webs: [Know a food chain with at least 4 organisms]. ANSWER: a. What do food chains/webs always start with? PLANT/PRODUCER b. What do you the arrows in a food chain/web show? ENERGY c. Which is more realistic in terms of energy flow – food chains or food webs? FOOD WEBS

27. 20. What is an energy pyramid? What has the most energy in an energy pyramid? [You must be able to make an energy pyramid with using a food chain] ANSWER: - Diagram that shows how energy is passed on in a food chain or food web. - Plants/Producers/ Autotrophs have the most energy

28. 21. What is succession? ANSWER: It is the natural changes that take place in the environment.

29. 22. What are the differences between primary and secondary succession? ANSWER: Primary succession starts with no soil but secondary succession does have soil.

30. 23. What is the difference between a pioneer community and a climax community? ANSWER: Pioneer communities are the 1st species to live in an area Climax communities are the final, stable group of organisms to live in an area.

31. 24. What is conservation biology? ANSWER: It is the science of preserving/ protecting natural resources and organisms.

32. 25. What is the difference between an endangered species and a threatened species? ANSWER: Endangered species = close to immediate extinction Threatened species = likely to become endangered

33. 26. What is global warming? ANSWER: It is the increase of the average temperature on Earth.

34. 27. What is the greenhouse effect? ANSWER: The trapping of heat in the atmosphere allowing less heat to escape.

35. 28.Name the stages of the water cycle. ANSWER: 1) Evaporation/Transpiration (from plants) 2)Condensation 3)Precipitation

36. 29.What cycle uses bacteria in the soil to convert materials in the atmosphere to those that can be used by plants? ANSWER: Nitrogen Cycle

37. 30. What cycle uses the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration to release the substance into the environment? ANSWER: Carbon Cycle

38. 31. What cycle uses the formation and the break down of rocks to release the substance into the environment? ANSWER: Phosphorus Cycle

39. 32. For each of the following descriptions, identify the element: A. Nitrogen = its importance is to build the components of amino acids which makes proteins. B. Phosphorus = its importance is to help form DNA, RNA, and ATP.

40. 32. For each of the following descriptions, identify the element: C. Water = its importance is to help all organisms survive (makes up majority of cell’s cytosol/cytoplasm) D. Carbon = its importance is that it is a main component of carbohydrates and aids in forming oxygen during photosynthesis.