1. Educational Theory and Teaching Simon Downs

2. MASLOWS HIERARCHY of NEEDS

3. Miller’s pyramid Knows Knowledge AKT Shows How Knows How Performance Competence CSA Does ActionWPBA

4. Types of Memory (VAK) Visual; Visual learners find it easier to take in new information through pictures, diagrams, charts, films, etc. Auditory; Verbal learners find it easier to take in new information through the spoken word Kinaesthetic; Kinaesthetic learners find it easier to take in new information through copying demonstrations and getting physically involved

7. Schon. ‘The Reflective Practitioner’

8. Teaching Styles Authoritarian Socratic Heuristic Counselling

9. SIX CATEGORIES OF INTERVENTION · Prescriptive - Give advice or instruction—directive · Informative - Explaining and giving information · Confronting - Giving feedback to the trainee on their behaviour or attitude, in order to help them see what is happening · Cathartic - Helping the trainee release their emotions · Catalytic - Encouraging the trainee to explore their own feelings and reason for behaviour · Supportive - Encouraging the trainee’s self worth by giving approval

10. The Johari Window

11. The old feedback sandwich Praise Criticism Praise

12. The new feedback sandwich Ask Tell Ask

13. Challenge v Support Optimal Growth

14. Providing Challenge

15. Teacher Learner Environment Unsupportive Overly critical Unreasonable expectations Disinterested Non challenging Failure to meet learner’s needs Knowledge Skills Attitudes Work (e.g. workload, unsupportive staff) Social (e.g. marital, financial) Personal (e.g. substance abuse, illness) Training (e.g. unsupportive VTS, lack of guidance) Where does the problem lie? Steinert 2008:BMJ 336, 150-153

16. SCHON'S THEORY OF REFLECTION Knowing in action Reflection in action Reflection on action

17. Vroom’s Expectancy theory