1. Alkenes and Alkynes Geometric Isomers of Alkenes Addition Reactions

2. Saturated compounds (alkanes) have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms attached to each carbon atom Unsaturated compounds have fewer hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon chain than alkanes Unsaturated compounds contain double or triple bonds

3. Carbon-carbon double bonds Names end in -ene H2C=CH2 ethene (ethylene) H2C=CH-CH3 propene (propylene) cyclohexene

4. Carbon-carbon triple bonds Names end in -yne HC CH ethyne(acetylene) HC C-CH3 propyne

5. When the carbon chain has 4 or more C atoms, number the chain to give the lowest number to the double or triple bond. 1 2 3 4 CH2=CHCH2CH3 1-butene CH3CH=CHCH3 2-butene CH3CH CHCH3 2-butyne

6. Write the IUPAC name for each of the following unsaturated compounds: CH3CH2C CCH3 CH3 CH3C=CHCH3 2-pentyne 2-methyl-2-butene 3-methylcyclopentene

7. Double bond is fixed Cis/trans Isomers are possible

8. Adds a hydrogen atom to each carbon atom of a double bond H H Ni H H H–C=C–H + H2  H–C–C–H H H ethene ethane

9. Adding H2 to vegetable oils produces compounds with higher melting points Margarines Soft margarines Shortenings (solid)