1. Cell Cycle Regulation What factors control a cell’s advancement through the cell cycle? Why is regulation of the cycle important?

2. 40%

3. Approximately 39.6 percent of men and women will be diagnosed with cancer at some point during their lifetime. (based on 2010-2012 data) (cancer.gov)

4. The Hallmarks of Cancer www.insidecancer.org

5. Type of Cancer Classification can be based on: 1 – type of tissue in which the cancer originates 2 – location in the body where the cancer first developed

6. Histological Types There are five main cancer classifications based on the tissue type where the cancer originated.

7. Histological Types Carcinoma Originates in epithelial tissue. 90% of cancers are carcinomas.

8. Histological Types Sarcoma Originates in connective tissue.

9. Histological Types Myeloma Begins in the cells of the immune system. Myelomas are cancer of the bone marrow, particularly of the cells that produces antibodies (plasma cells).

10. Histological Types

11. Leukemia Originates in bone marrow (overproduction of immature WBCs which don’t perform as well).

12. Histological Types

13. Lymphoma Originates in lymphatic glands.

14. Histological Types

15. Cell Cycle Checkpoints

16. http://outreach.mcb.harvard.edu/animations/checkpoints.swfhttp://outreach.mcb.harvard.edu/animations/checkpoints.swf (long - spindle checkpoint focus)

17. Growth Factors

19. Example of a Growth Factor: Erythropoietin

21. Contact Inhibition

22. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WSxvEjfXXhQ

23. Cyclins and Kinases

24. Make observations.

25. Internal proteins that regulate the cycle. Cyclins turn CDKs “ON.” Cyclins and Kinases

27. Signal Transducers and Transcription Factors

28. Src protein = signal transducer

29. Ras protein = signal transducer

30. Results in the production of the myc protein from the myc gene. Myc protein = transcription factor

31. it transcribes the gene for cyclin

32. Rb and E2F

33. E2F protein = transcription factor transcribes genes that make cyclins and other proteins that replicate DNA.

34. Myc and E2F

35. p53

36. P53 and P21

37. BRCA

38. P53 and BAX

39. Proto-oncogenes and Tumor Suppressors

45. Types of Proto-oncoproteins