1. Nutrients and Digestion Pre Test

2. Food is digested and absorbed or left as waste.

3. Nutrients and Digestion Pre Test

4. Nutrients and Digestion Digestion = BigLittle FoodNutrients Nutrients = carbohydrates sugars fatsfatty acids + glycerol proteinsamino acids

5. The Digestive System The digestive system mechanically and chemically breaks down food. Mechanical digestion includes chewing and peristalsis. Chemical digestion includes the use of enzymes.

6. The digestive system consists of an alimentary canal and several accessory organs. The Digestive System

7. Essential nutrients are absorbed into the body and the unused waste material is excreted out of the body.

8. The Digestive System The Alimentary Canal

9. The Digestive System III.The Alimentary Canal A. Wall Layers 1. Mucosa Structure: composed of epithelial, connective, and smooth muscle tissue; mucus secreting glands present Function: protection, absorption, secretion 2. Submucosa Structure: composed of loose connective tissue; glands, blood and lymph vessels present Function: nourishment

10. The Digestive System III.The Alimentary Canal A. Wall Layers 3. Muscular layer Structure: composed of 2 layers of smooth muscle; circular and longitudinal shaped fibers Function: movement 4.Serosa Structure: composes the outer layer of the canal Function: secretion of fluid to lubricate so tube can slide feely

11. Carbohydrates Uses in the Body: used primarily to supply energy for cellular processesNutrients

12. Nutrients Carbohydrates Dietary Sources: - starch from grains and vegetables - glycogen from meats - monosaccharides from honey and fruits Dietary Requirements: - Varies among individuals - Depends on amount of physical activity, body size and metabolic rate.

13. Lipids Uses in the Body: -supplies energy for cellular processes and for building cellular structuresNutrients

14. Lipids Dietary Sources: - saturated fats found in meats, eggs and milk - unsaturated fats found in seeds, nuts and plant oils - monosaturated fats found in olive, peanut and canola oils Dietary Requirements: - Recommended to be less than 30% of total calories - Depends on amount of physical activity, body size and metabolic rate.Nutrients

15. Proteins Uses in the Body: - enzymes, clotting factors, keratin of skin and hair, collagen of connective tissue, plasma proteins, muscle proteins, hormones and antibodies.Nutrients

16. Protein Dietary Sources: - meats, fish, poultry, cheese, eggs and cereals Dietary Requirements: - Between 60 to 150 grams per day - Depends on amount of physical activity, body size and metabolic rate.Nutrients

17. Diagram/Flow Chart Oral Cavity Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine Rectum Salivary Glands Blood Pancreas Gall Bladder/Liver

18. The Digestive System IV. The Oral Cavity

19. The Digestive System V. The Teeth

20. The Digestive System VI. The Pharynx

21. The Digestive System VII. The Salivary Glands

22. The Digestive System VIII. The Stomach

23. The Digestive System IX. The Small Intestine

24. The Digestive System X. The Large Intestine

25. The Digestive System XI. The Liver

26. The Digestive System XI. The Liver

27. The Digestive System XII. The Gall Bladder and Pancreas

28. Overview Oral Cavity Esophagus Stomach ( HCL and pepsinogen = pepsin) Small Intestine (peptidase, lipase, sucrase, maltase, lactase) Large Intestine Rectum Salivary Glands (amylase) Blood (water, electrolytes, vitamins) Blood (fatty acids, glycerol, amino acids, monosaccharides) Pancreas (lipase, amylase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase) Gall Bladder/Liver (bile)

29. Chemical Digestion and Nutrients Carbohydrate Digestion (starch to monosaccharide) Mouth Mechanical digestion Chemical digestion by salivary amylase Stomach Mechanical digestion Small Intestine Chemical digestion by sucrase, maltase + lactase Pancreas Chemical digestion by pancreatic amylase Small Intestine Glucose absorbed into blood

30. Chemical Digestion and Nutrients Lipid Digestion (fat to glycerol + fatty acid) Mouth Mechanical digestion Stomach Mechanical digestion Small Intestine Chemical digestion by intestinal lipase Pancreas Chemical digestion by pancreatic lipase Small Intestine Glycerol and fatty acids absorbed into lymph Liver/ Gall Bladder Mechanical digestion by bile

31. Chemical Digestion and Nutrients Protein Digestion (protein to amino acids) Mouth Mechanical digestion Stomach Mechanical digestion Chemical digestion by HCl acid and pepsin Small Intestine Chemical digestion by peptidase Pancreas Chemical digestion by trypsin, chymotrypsin + carboxypeptidase Small Intestine Amino acids absorbed