1. THERMAL HOMEOSTASIS HEAT PRODUCTION = HEAT LOSS Chemical heat reg. physical heat reg.  Homeotherms are very sensitive to thermal stimuli  Thermal regulaton takes precedence over metabolic processes  By influencing temp. reg. control in the hypothalamus > alterative effect

2. THERMOREGULATION “Set point” 37C/98.6F Actual value Control centre hypothalamus Effectors – Vasoconstriction/dilation, adrenal medulla, thyroid, skeletal muscles, Sweatglands, pilomotor BODY TEMP Receptors in skin & hypothalamus DISTURBANCE IN STEADY STATE

3. TEMPERATURES  Cold <18C  Cool 19-22C  Tepid 23-31C (non-therapeutic)  Indifferent 32-35C (skin temp. – start with this for rising temp baths)  Warm 36-38C  Hot 39-42C  Very hot 43-46C

4. SHORT COLD APPLICATIONS  1ary blood vessel contraction  2ndary dilation both above via neurological vasomotor activity both above via neurological vasomotor activity  Fall in blood temp.  Reduction in heart rate – can last 30 mins  1ary sedation, 2ndary stim. of metabolism  Analgesia – esp. by rapid reduction of skin temp.  Reduces nerve conduction velocity  Reduces inflammation  Reduces oedema

5. Short/Long cold

6. HEAT & OVERHEATING  Increases body core temp.  Increases heart rate and cardiac output  Increases O2 demand  Increases metabolism  Reduces pain  Reduces muscle tension  Increases filtration, diffusion & phagocytosis

7. Short/Long Hot

8. Localised long hot by blitzguss

9. Lymphatic Constitution.

10.  Predisposition to exudative processes, catarrh, rheumatism, disorders of the mucous membranes and skin.  Swollen glands indicate levels of toxic load.  Blood and bodily fluids can be thin.  Often states of dis-ease manifest and progress due to a stifled and congested lymphatic system.

11.  Lymphatic types commonly DO NOT LIKE COLD WATER APPLICATIONS BUT NEED THEM!  Short cold increases blood and lymphatic circulation and metabolism, generating warmth to the extemities  Increases detox processes

12. Haematogenic Constitution

13.  Predisposition towards blood disorders, digestive system problems and slow metabolism.  Common disorders include cold extremities, digestive tract imbalances, venous blood stagnations, anaemias, high blood lipids, lithic formation and auto intoxications

14.  Blood and body fluids tend to be thick – often from nitrogenous and uric acid wastes.  Short hot applications thin blood, modestly improve blood circulation and metabolism.  Best administered by bath for hydrostatic pressure effect to encourage venous return and lymph flow.

16. Biliary Constitution

17.  Predisposition towards gastrointestinal, liver, gall bladder and pancreatic problems.  Common symptoms include digestive tract problems, blood sugar fluctuations and increased lipid levels.  Blood and body fluids hold the middle ground.

18.  Assess constitutional leanings between haematogenic and lymphatic types  Application of packs to strategic areas where indicated Haysack Haysack Cold sock Cold sock Castor oil with wet heat Castor oil with wet heat Washings Washings Arm & leg baths Arm & leg baths