1. Biology Ch. 6 Cell Structure and Function

2. -A theory that developed over several hundred years involving many scientists. I. The Cell Theory:

3. I. The Cell Theory (3 parts): * All living things are made of cells. * All cells come from preexisting cells. * Cells are the basic units of structure and function.

4. Robert Hooke (1665) - Coined term ‘Cell’

5. Von Leeuwenhoek (1675) - first to see live cells

6. *Two Basic Cell Types: 1.Prokaryotes (ex. bacteria): - no nucleus, very small - no organelles 2.Eukaryotes ( ex. plants, animals): - have a nucleus & organelles - complex internal structure

7. Prokaryote Bacteria Cell

8. Eukaryote Plant Cell

9. Eukaryote Animal Cell

10. * Cytoplasm Three main parts of cells: * Cell membrane * Nucleus II.Cell Structure

11. -thin, porous layer that protects the cell and regulates movement in and out of the cell. -made of: lipid bilayer & proteins A.Cell membrane:

12. -layered, rigid structure that supports and protects plant cells -made of cellulose *Cell Wall:

13. - control center of the cell - contains chromosomes (DNA) Nucleus B.Nucleus:

14. - Nuclear Membrane: surrounds the nucleus - Nucleolus: makes ribosomes B.Nucleus:

15. Cytoplasm -liquid material located within the cell membrane and outside the nucleus -contains water with many dissolved substances (oxygen, sugar, proteins) C.Cytoplasm:

16. Organelles - tiny, cell structures that carry out specialized jobs D.Cytoplasmic Organelles

17. Eukaryote Cell

18. - "power house" of cells 1.Mitochondrion:

19. - site of cellular respiration Glucose + Oxygen Energy + CO 2 + H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 1.Mitochondrion:

20. - site of photosynthesis in plant cells 2.Chloroplasts:

21. Sunlight + H 2 O + CO 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 2.Chloroplasts:

22. - site protein production - found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes 3.Ribosomes:

23. - produces and transports molecules 4.Endoplasmic Reticulum:

24. - collects, modifies, packages, and distributes molecules 5.Golgi Body:

25. - digest food molecules or worn-out cells 6.Lysosome:

26. - stores food, waste, or water 7.Vacuole: Vacuole Stored food or waste

27. A.Diffusion Diffusion III.M ovement of M aterials through the C ell M embrane

28. A.Diffusion - movement of molecules from high concentration to low conc. - until equilibrium reached - requires no cell energy

29. Passive Transport: - movement in or out of a cell that requires no cellular energy (ex. O 2 into and out of cells)

30. B. Osmosis: - diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

31. 1.Turgor pressure: - pressure inside plant cells

32. 1.Turgor pressure: Leaves and Onion Epidermis

33. 1.Turgor pressure: Plant Movements from Osmosis

34. 2. Plasmolysis: - loss of cell liquid (shrinking of the cell)

35. 2. Plasmolysis: - loss of cell liquid (shrinking of the cell)

36. 3. Cytolysis: - bursting of cells due to internal osmotic pressure

37. 3 Types of Solutions page 282 1.Isotonic – “iso” means equal The concentrations of solutes outside the cell equals the concentration inside the cell. Cell is in equilibrium

38. 2. Hypertonic solution “hyper” means over. The concentration of solutes outside the cell is greater than inside. Causes plasmolysis ( cell shrinks)

39. 3. Hypotonic solution “hypo” means under. The concentration of solutes outside the cell is less than the concentration inside the cell. Causes cytolysis.( cell swells)

40. C. Facilitated Diffusion p 294 - the diffusion of large molecules (glucose) into cells aided by carrier proteins - high conc. to low conc.

41. C. Facilitated Diffusion:

42. D. Active Transport: - movement in or out of cells requiring energy from cell

43. 1.Endocytosis: - movement of large amounts of material into a cell

44. 1.Endocytosis:

45. Ameba moving and engulfing food.

46. 2.Exocytosis: - movement of large amounts of material out of the cell

47. 2.Exocytosis:

48. Paramecium pumping water out of cells.

49. IV.Cell Specialization - cells can become adapted for a particular function - occurs in multicellular organisms

50. IV.Cell Specialization

51. Can you identify these cells? - Muscle - Skin - Bone - Nerve - Blood

52. V. Levels of Organization A.Cells B.Tissue C.Organ D.Organ System E.Organism

53. The The End End

54. IV. Cell Specialization