1. Treated Untreated Wheat Weed Control

2. Controlling Broadleaf Weeds 1. Options are available 2. Timely applications required 2,4-D Express + MCPA Harmony Extra

3. Harmony Extra EP with TotalSol Rate:0.45 to 0.9 oz Timing:2-leaf until flag leaf visible Adjuvant:0.25% NIS in water 0.125% NIS in nitrogen Weeds:Controls garlic and most broadleaf weeds Mixes:2,4-D or MCPA to improve cornflower, wild radish, and vetch Rotations:No restrictions of concern Grains:Wheat, barley, oats

4. 2,4-D Rate:1 to 1.25 pt/A Timing:fully tillered wheat, before jointing Adjuvant:none needed Weeds:controls primrose and radish, weak on henbit, chickweed, and knawel Mixes:Express or Harmony Extra for henit, chickweed and knawel Rotations:No restrictions of concern Grains:Wheat, barley, oats, rye

5. Express TotalSol + MCPA Express rate:0.25 to 0.5 oz MCPA 4L rate: 8 to 12 fl oz Timing:two tillers, before jointing Adjuvant:0.125% surfactant Weeds:most broadleaf weeds Rotations:No restrictions of concern Grains:Wheat, barley, oats,

6. The Effect of Stage of Growth on Wild Radish Control in Wheat. Herbicide0-4 inches4-8 inches8-12 inchesBolt/Flower 2,4-D>95% 2 >90%>80%<65% MCPA>95%>90%>70%<50% Express>90%>60%50%<50% Harmony E.>90%>75%50%<50% Express + MCPA >95%>90%>80%<65% Osprey>95%60-80%<60%<50% PowerFlex 3 >95%>85%>80%? 1 Wild radish size in diameter of leaf rosette. 2 Percent control as compared to untreated areas. 3 Research is based on only one experiment and should be tried on very limited acreage.

7. Controlling Broadleaf Weed Infestations 1. Harmony fb 2,4-D 2. Express + MCPA or 2,4-D Harmony + MCPA or 2,4-D 3. 2,4-D alone 4. Harmony Extra alone Most effective program Least effective program

8. Ryegrass Control in Wheat Numerous options: Axial, Hoelon, Osprey, PowerFlex ACY 9-04

9. Ryegrass Control in Wheat Numerous options: Axial, Hoelon, Osprey, PowerFlex ACY 9-04 IF YOU DON’T HAVE RESISTANCE

10. Ryegrass Control in Wheat Numerous options: Axial and Hoelon have same mode of action Osprey and PowerFlex have same mode of action ACY 9-04

11. Proper Timing of Hoelon POST Timeliness is critical !!! With normal planting date, generally best to apply before Christmas ACY 9-04

12. Italian ryegrass control. Plains, 2008. 92 95 89 ACY 9-04 Planted wheat on Nov 7 and treated December 19 prior to tillering 96

13. Hoelon Rate for POST on Wheat Ryegrasspt/acre 1- to 3 leaf 1.33 3- to 4-leaf 1.33 to 2 5-leaf, 2 tillers 2 to 2.67 Hoelon at 2 pt/A on pre-tillering ryegrass is ideal!!!!!

14. Axial Rate:8.2 fl oz Timing:pre-tiller ryegrass Adjuvant:Adigor at 9.6 oz/A Weeds:ryegrass only Rotate modes of action, resistance is a huge issue!

15. Osprey Rate:4.75 oz/A Timing:pre-tiller ryegrass Adjuvant:NIS at 0.5% v/v plus ammonium nitrogen fertilizer at 1-2 qt/A Weeds:ryegrass, very small radish, henbit hand chickweed (1”) Do not apply within 14 d of topdressing Rotate modes of action, resistance is a huge issue!

16. Italian ryegrass control by Osprey as affected by size. Avg. 5 locations, North Carolina. 63 78 89 ACY 9-04

17. Late-season ryegrass control by Osprey as affected by adjuvants. Avg. six locations, NC, 2002-2004. 93 63 30 96 ACY 9-04

18. Rotational Restrictions for Osprey CropInterval Cotton90 days Peanut90 days Soybean90 days Corn12 months All others10 months ACY 9-04

19. PowerFlex Rate:3.5 oz/A Timing:pre-tiller ryegrass Adjuvant:NIS at 0.25% v/v Weeds:ryegrass, radish Rotate modes of action, resistance is a huge issue! Labeled rotational restrictions are large!

20. Rotational Restrictions for PowerFlex CropInterval Cotton12 months Peanut12 months Soybean9 months Corn9 months All others12 months ACY 9-04

21. New Georgia registration Residual control/suppression of ryegrass Must apply to wheat from 1 st leaf stage until before flag leaf. May mix with any currently labeled wheat herbicide. Prowl H20 Labeled For Wheat

22. Late-season ryegrass control with Prowl H20 applied POST to 1 leaf wheat. Plains, GA. 2007.* 99 52 *Prowl H20 2.5 pt/A

23. Late-season ryegrass control with Prowl H20 applied in mixture with Osprey or Hoelon. Plains, GA. 2007.* 75 c 100 a *Prowl H20 2.5 pt/A; Hoelon 2 pt/A; Osprey4.75 oz + NIS and UAN. 85 b 100 a

24. Limited amount of product Spike application to wheat (pray the ryegrass is not up before product is activated) Generally 6 to 8 oz/A Excellent broadleaf control Ryegrass control is either good or very poor Only option for some growers because of resistance Aixom Labeled For Wheat

25. Limited knowledge and I think research Osprey and Axiom are good Annual bluegrass