1. Pulcinella Suite 2
Stravinsky

2. Learning Objectives To analyse the Sinfonia in detail
To begin analysis of the Gavotta and Vivo

3. Sinfonia
Write these notes into your score
Use many colours!

4. Sinfonia Questions What is the function of the solo string quintet?
How is the horn writing different from Baroque parts for horn?
How is Stravinsky’s writing for the double bass different from Gallo’s?
Give 3 examples from the score of string writing which would not be found in Baroque music.
Find 2 examples of “wrong-note” dissonant harmony.

5. Performing forces Tutti sections – solo 5tet doubles orch
29-30 missing bass part
Solo WW parts – string acc 7-9 (Baroque style)
Bsn/Hn – unlikely to do this in Baroque
Double/triple stopping (non div.) – 20th C
E.g. bar 3 Vln 2
Many down bows () esp Vln 2
No extremes of range except solo Vc sometimes a bit high e.g. bar 6

6. Texture
Alternation between tutti and solo; typical of Baroque concerto grosso
Melody-dominated homophony
Compare bar 12 with Gallo
Find some counterpoint. Is this in the original?

7. Structure 1-15 16-end Section A 1-6 theme 1, G+
7-9 theme 2 falling seq, ob/bsn cp,  D+ 
10-12 syncopated repeated notes, D+, perf cads
13-15 varied rpt
Section B
16-20 theme 1, D+
21-23 rising seq, cf 10
24-26 theme 2 vc
27-28 B- cadence
29-30 falling seq
31-32 rpt
Section A1
33-34 extra 2 bars!
35-36 shortened
37-39 cf 7, in G+
40-44 cadences cf 10
Rounded Binary Form: Section B same tune in dominant. Not the same as ternary form

8. Tonality Added note harmony, e.g. Sticks to same tonality as original
7-9 
21 G+, 22 A+, 23 B- rising sequence (in original)

9. Tonality 2 / Harmony
Some altered cadences, e.g. bar 2

10. ? Harmony Very simple, like the Baroque originals
BUT added notes especially at cadences
Deliberately weakened cadences a feature of Neoclassicism
(Vivo final cadence) ?

11. Melody Follows original very closely
Mostly conjunct, though some leaps e.g. bar 1 G-C
Sequences
Exaggerated ornamentation (feature of Neoclassicism) to make it sound more 18th C, much more in Gavotta though
Simple balanced phrases, mostly…

12. Rhythm Additive rhythm – extra repeat, unbalances the phrase: Gallo
Stravinsky

13. Rhythm 2
Dotty
Many extra rests not in original – why are they not needed in original? e.g. Oboe bar 7-8?
Syncopation  (find 2 examples)

14. Gavotta
It’s by a chap called monza originally

15. Background (notes) Gavotta/Gavotte = standard baroque dance
Always duple time (2/2)
Moderately fast
Typically quite ornamented
Monza’s had 6 variations, written for harpsichord
Stravinsky uses Gavotta + var 1 and var 4
In Gavotta only Ob 1 and Bsn 2 are in the original

16. Performing Forces (score)
Solo instruments only
Windy
Bsn 1 high (cf Rite of Spring) plus gliss
Var 1: Ob + Hn is a bit unusual, Tpt/Tbn bar 43
Var 2: Jolly difficult

17. Texture Gavotta: 4-part counterpoint 19: homorhythm
Var 1: broken chords
Var 2: distorted version of Alberti Bass original Bsn 1

18. Structure Theme and variations!
Gavotta: binary form. DA; G-A-F#m-Em-D
First section repeated, second not repeated
Var 1: 6/8 like a gigue
Var 2: Uses halved note values
Var 2 DOES repeat 2nd section – weird though (why?)

19. Harmony/Tonality Gavotta bar 2 Ob 1 first note – what type of NHN?
25-28 inverted tonic pedal (not in original) – blurs the cadence
Var 1: chords? (Ob 1)
Invites a lovely tonic pedal, but Stravinsky gives us a lovely tonic CHORD pedal (+ brass in case we didn’t notice it) yummy
Var 2: bar 69 Chords? What about the G§?

20. Melody Written-out turns, trills (sometimes quintuplet)
Variation 2: fast scales (not in Monza)
Fl 2: 77 unprepared 7ths – highly unbaroque
79 look at those parallel 5ths!
Octave displacement of Monza to change shape:

21. Rhythm
Var 2 particularly contains rhythms which would never have been written by Baroque composers
BUT they may well have been played like that

22. Mini-essay
Identify and discuss two ways in which the Sinfonia and Gavotta draw on 18th-century compositional techniques and two ways in which they use 20th-century techniques
Back up your answer with evidence from the score