1. Edit the text with your own short phrases. To change the sample image, select the picture and delete it. Now click the Pictures icon in the placeholder to insert your own image. The animation is already done for you; just copy and paste the slide into your existing presentation.

2. Edit the text with your own short phrases. To change the sample image, select the picture and delete it. Now click the Pictures icon in the placeholder to insert your own image. The animation is already done for you; just copy and paste the slide into your existing presentation. Content Issues of Using Researches in Policy Formulations, Implementation and Evaluation  Research to Policy Making  Challenges of using Research in Policy Making  Bridging the Gap: Recommendations

3. Edit the text with your own short phrases. To change the sample image, select the picture and delete it. Now click the Pictures icon in the placeholder to insert your own image. The animation is already done for you; just copy and paste the slide into your existing presentation. Focus/ Purpose To provide foundational information on policy/project formulation, implementation and evaluation using research results. To describe some of the challenges of using research evidence in formulating educational policy/project based on experience. To propose some ways that the research results can inform the policy process.

4. Edit the text with your own short phrases. To change the sample image, select the picture and delete it. Now click the Pictures icon in the placeholder to insert your own image. The animation is already done for you; just copy and paste the slide into your existing presentation. Issues of Using Researches in Policy Formulation, Implementation and Evaluation Myths and Facts about Policy-making  is related to a particular political system.  the highlight is on politics. "Policy-making is about politics that is deciding the content of policy, the promotion of values, and choosing among alternatives in an attempt to solve problems and improve human life."( Carley, 1983)  Owing to the differences between various interest groups, it becomes inevitable that policy-making means debate and not agreement. ? Is this true? Do you agree?

5. Edit the text with your own short phrases. To change the sample image, select the picture and delete it. Now click the Pictures icon in the placeholder to insert your own image. The animation is already done for you; just copy and paste the slide into your existing presentation. Research to Policy Making Why research?  Educators need to be consumers and producers of research for the reasons that educational research serves the purposes of improving practice, adding to knowledge and addressing gaps in knowledge (Creswell,2005).  Research also informs policy debates. ...to verify the effectiveness of practices already in use, and to develop practices that simplify people’s lives, and discover counterintuitive practices (Hittleman and Simon, 2002).  However, the utilization of research findings and their availability to those who will most benefit from them is minimal or none. (As Weiss observed some decades ago, “research is not used as a can opener is used”.

6. Edit the text with your own short phrases. To change the sample image, select the picture and delete it. Now click the Pictures icon in the placeholder to insert your own image. The animation is already done for you; just copy and paste the slide into your existing presentation. Research to Policy Making: Ethiopian Experience  Educational research applicability is generally limited.  This is due to distant relationship of researchers and potential users of their research results.  Their knowledge contribution to the scientific community locally and globally is limited. Since they are not open access.  Using researches in policy making/practising is also minimal. For example, the country’s education has changed from time to time as per the ideology and political wish of rulers of the country. most of the policies/programs were formulated without consulting research outputs. Why? How about in your case? Are researches used for policy decisions?

7. Edit the text with your own short phrases. To change the sample image, select the picture and delete it. Now click the Pictures icon in the placeholder to insert your own image. The animation is already done for you; just copy and paste the slide into your existing presentation. Challenges of using Research in Policy Making  Policy makers turn primarily to international organizations, international research institutes or their own technical experts or diplomatic missions to obtain information and analysis as policy inputs.  Policy-makers consider the credibility of researchers and research outputs a key requirement for cooperation. (Outsourcing of research to internationally known institutions may provide credible references to raise funds to support the implementation of specific policies).

8. Edit the text with your own short phrases. To change the sample image, select the picture and delete it. Now click the Pictures icon in the placeholder to insert your own image. The animation is already done for you; just copy and paste the slide into your existing presentation. Challenges of using Research in Policy Making  Governments lack systematic procedures regarding ongoing researches.  Policy-makers look primarily for research that supports their position/"political" agenda.  Data required for informed research may be non- existent or inaccessible.  Donors persuade them to do so, etc.

9. Edit the text with your own short phrases. To change the sample image, select the picture and delete it. Now click the Pictures icon in the placeholder to insert your own image. The animation is already done for you; just copy and paste the slide into your existing presentation. Bridging the Gaps: Recommendations Researcher or research institutions should: disseminate information about current research projects as widely as possible (invite concerned government officials to conferences or presentations of research, or organize specific events bringing together policy makers and researchers). establish contact and build a long-term cooperation with relevant ministries. be ready to discuss work in progress with policy- makers, etc.

10. Edit the text with your own short phrases. To change the sample image, select the picture and delete it. Now click the Pictures icon in the placeholder to insert your own image. The animation is already done for you; just copy and paste the slide into your existing presentation. Bridging the Gaps: Recommendations Policy-makers: should think of channels to inform academia of major policy questions (communication flows should go both ways). This would at the same time help make research more policy relevant. should synthesize all the related research and studies with their ability of analytical thinking and awareness of political implications, propose alternative policy choices and recommendations in policy formulation, etc.

11. 11