2. 1. Yesterday I met an old friend in the supermarket. 2.I’m glad to say, this unjust separation of people on the basis of skin color was challenged on Sunday. 3.Encouraged (encourage) by a Supreme Court decision that public education must be mixed nationwide, the leaders went to court to argue against separation on buses.

3. 1. Yesterday I met an old friend in the supermarket. I met an old friend. 2. I’m glad to say, this unjust separation of people on the basis of skin color was challenged on Sunday. The unjust separation was challenged.

4. 3.Encouraged (encourage) by a Supreme Court decision that public education must be mixed nationwide, the leaders went to court to argue against separation on buses. The leaders went to court to argue against separation.

5. How to write a summary Key words Key sentences Synonyms Own words Change the voice Sentence structure Brainstorming

6. Trouble with the Hubble 1.The Hubble telescope was launched into space by NASA on April 20, 1990 at a cost of over a billion dollars. 2.Right from the start there was trouble with the Hubble. 3.The pictures it sent us were very disappointing because its main mirror was faulty! 4.NASA is now going to put the telescope right, so it will soon be sending up four astronauts to repair it. 5.The shuttle Endeavour will be taking the astronauts to the Hubble. The Hubble telescope NASAApril 20, 1990 trouble main mirror put the telescope right four astronauts Endeavour

7. 6.A robot-arm from the Endeavour will grab the telescope and hold it while the astronauts make the necessary repairs. 7.Of course the Hubble is above the earth ’ s atmosphere, so it will soon be sending us the clearest pictures of the stars and distant galaxies that we have ever seen. 8.The Hubble will tell us a great deal about the age and size of the universe. 9.By the time you read this, the Hubble ’ s eagle eye will have sent us thousands and thousands of wonderful pictures. A robot-arm make repairs pictures tell pictures clearest

8. 1.The Hubble telescope was launched into space by NASA on April 20, 1990 at a cost of over a billion dollars. When and what 2.Right from the start there was trouble with the Hubble. 3.The pictures it sent us were very disappointing because its main mirror was faulty! What and why

9. 4.NASA is now going to put the telescope right, so it will soon be sending up four astronauts to repair it. 5.The shuttle Endeavour will be taking the astronauts to the Hubble. 6.A robot-arm from the Endeavour will grab the telescope and hold it while the astronauts make the necessary repairs. What to do

10. 7.Of course the Hubble is above the earth ’ s atmosphere, so it will soon be sending us the clearest pictures of the stars and distant galaxies that we have ever seen. 8.The Hubble will tell us a great deal about the age and size of the universe. 9.By the time you read this, the Hubble ’ s eagle eye will have sent us thousands and thousands of wonderful picture. Possible effect

11. Answer the questions When and what: On April 20, 1990 NASA launched the Hubble telescope into space. What and why: There was trouble with the Hubble because its main mirror was faulty. What to do: Endeavour will take four astronauts to make the necessary repairs. What’ the possible effect: The Hubble will send us clearest pictures.

12. Outline When and what—What and why—What to do—Possible effect

13. A Possible Version: According to the passage, on April 20, 1990 NASA launched the Hubble telescope into space, but there was trouble with the Hubble, because its main mirror was faulty. After the shuttle Endeavour takes astronauts to make the repairs, the Hubble will send us wonderful pictures.

14. Tips for writing a summary 1.Read the passage for overall content and underline the key words. 2.Group the reading into sections according to the author’s topic divisions. 3.Write a one-sentence summary of each section, focusing on the main point. Do not include examples and minor details. 4.Do not use your own opinion, but be sure to use your own words. 5.In your final draft, insert transitional words and phrases where necessary, combine sentences for a smooth, logical flow of ideas.

15. It goes without saying that everyone has his own interest. For instance, some people are interested in stamp collecting, while others are fond of fishing. Some people prefer shopping. Others, on the other hand, have a liking for sports. To develop your interest will help you make way in the world. If you have a strong taste for something, you will find it enjoyable to have it done. For example, if you like to become a teacher and work hard toward this purpose, you will certainly make yourself a successful one. If you cultivate your various kinds of interest properly, you will probably find it easier to find a job or a profession. Sometimes, however, you have to give up your interest for one thing or another. If your interest seriously interferes( 干扰 ) your work or study, you have to think of giving it up; if you have a family and still have too much interest in watching TV, you have to stop doing so, so that you can help with housework or spend some time taking care of your lovely child.

16. The author points out that everyone has an interest of his own and developing an interest properly will help you succeed. But on some occasions, your interest has to be given up for some reason. A Possible Version: