1. Chapter 4 Rules and Regulations for SAFE DRIVING

2. Speed Control Exceeding the speed is a common cause of fatal and other types of accidents. Exceeding the speed is a common cause of fatal and other types of accidents. Speeding affects almost everything that can happen while driving. Speeding affects almost everything that can happen while driving. Rules: Rules: Keep up with the flow of traffic at the legal speed. Keep up with the flow of traffic at the legal speed. Keep enough distance from surrounding traffic. Keep enough distance from surrounding traffic.

3. New Jersey Speed Limits 25 MPH- Business or residential districts 25 MPH- Business or residential districts 35 MPH- Suburban business and residential areas 35 MPH- Suburban business and residential areas 50 MPH- All other roadways 50 MPH- All other roadways 55 MPH- Certain Highways (as posted) & all interstates 55 MPH- Certain Highways (as posted) & all interstates 65 MPH- Certain Highways (as posted) 65 MPH- Certain Highways (as posted) **Drivers pay double fines for exceeding a 65MPH limit by 10 MPH or more!!! **Drivers pay double fines for exceeding a 65MPH limit by 10 MPH or more!!!

5. Remember: Never drive faster than weather, roads or other conditions allow, REGARDLESS OF THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT Never drive faster than weather, roads or other conditions allow, REGARDLESS OF THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT Judge your speed control by existing conditions. Judge your speed control by existing conditions. Motorists should slow down and be able to see clearly and stop in traffic. Motorists should slow down and be able to see clearly and stop in traffic.

6. It is important to slow down especially here: On narrow or winding roadways On narrow or winding roadways At intersections or railroad crossings At intersections or railroad crossings On Hills On Hills At Sharp or blind curves At Sharp or blind curves Where pedestrians or driving hazards are present Where pedestrians or driving hazards are present On wet or slippery roads On wet or slippery roads

7. Passing Know the proper lane for normal driving and how to change lanes safely. Know the proper lane for normal driving and how to change lanes safely. Rules for passing depend on the road type. Rules for passing depend on the road type. Stay to the right of the center lanes. Stay to the right of the center lanes. Only pass when you must and when it is safe! Only pass when you must and when it is safe! You cannot pass if the center lanes are both solid (prohibited). You cannot pass if the center lanes are both solid (prohibited). If one of the center lines are broken, passing is allowed only on the broken lane side. If one of the center lines are broken, passing is allowed only on the broken lane side. If both center lines are broken, passing is allowed on both sides If both center lines are broken, passing is allowed on both sides

8. PASS ONLY WHEN SAFE!! DO NOT PASS WHEN: - On a hill or a curve - At a street crossing or intersection -At a railroad crossing - On narrow bridges, or in an underpass and tunnels - When a sign prohibits passing or lines prohibit - When behind a vehicle that has stopped to let pedestrians cross

9. Driving too Slowly Some accidents result from driving too slowly and backing up traffic. Some accidents result from driving too slowly and backing up traffic. NJ law prohibits blocking traffic through slow driving. NJ law prohibits blocking traffic through slow driving. **Mean old People Video

10. Keep to the Right New Jersey law requires drivers to keep to the right, except when passing. New Jersey law requires drivers to keep to the right, except when passing.

11. Yielding the Right-of-Way Laws govern which vehicle has the right of way, but drivers should always be prepared to yield. Laws govern which vehicle has the right of way, but drivers should always be prepared to yield. You must always yield to: You must always yield to: Police Police Fire trucks Fire trucks Ambulances Ambulances *When giving warning signs; sirens and lights.

12. Pedestrians in a Crosswalk NJ State law requires all motorists to yield to pedestrians in a crosswalk. NJ State law requires all motorists to yield to pedestrians in a crosswalk. Whenever a vehicle is stopped to yield to a pedestrian in a crosswalk, it is against the law for any vehicle to pass the stopped vehicle. Whenever a vehicle is stopped to yield to a pedestrian in a crosswalk, it is against the law for any vehicle to pass the stopped vehicle. All pedestrians in a crosswalk must be given the right of way. All pedestrians in a crosswalk must be given the right of way.

14. Controlled Intersections Is an intersection where traffic is regulated by a traffic signal or regulatory sign. Is an intersection where traffic is regulated by a traffic signal or regulatory sign. Always stop at a multi-way stop or stop intersection. Always stop at a multi-way stop or stop intersection. Always yield to the driver on the “RIGHT” if arriving simultaneously at a controlled intersection; 4-way stop. Always yield to the driver on the “RIGHT” if arriving simultaneously at a controlled intersection; 4-way stop. Always yield to any driver already at or in an intersection Always yield to any driver already at or in an intersection When making a left turn at an intersection, yield to oncoming traffic and all pedestrians within a crosswalk. When making a left turn at an intersection, yield to oncoming traffic and all pedestrians within a crosswalk. Diagram Diagram

16. Uncontrolled Intersections Is when 2 or more roads join and there is no traffic signal or regulatory device. Is when 2 or more roads join and there is no traffic signal or regulatory device. Can potentially be dangerous!! See Why??? Can potentially be dangerous!! See Why???

17. Blind Intersections Buildings, parked cars, or bushes can obstruct motorists’ line of sight. Buildings, parked cars, or bushes can obstruct motorists’ line of sight. Trees, crops etc. may obstruct motorists line of sight. Trees, crops etc. may obstruct motorists line of sight.

18. Entering Highways, Parkways & Turnpikes Motorists enter these roadways on acceleration lanes or extra lanes used by motor to speed up to join the traffic flow. Motorists enter these roadways on acceleration lanes or extra lanes used by motor to speed up to join the traffic flow. Must yield to traffic already on roadway. Must yield to traffic already on roadway. Try to avoid coming to a complete stop in the acceleration lane. Try to avoid coming to a complete stop in the acceleration lane.

20. Leaving Highways, Parkways & Turnpikes

21. Curves It is important to adjust steering and speed when approaching a curve in a road. It is important to adjust steering and speed when approaching a curve in a road. The best way to enter a curve in a road is to slow down before entering. The best way to enter a curve in a road is to slow down before entering.

23. Turing Regulations Right Turn on Red Unless a No Turn on Red signs is posted, NJ law permits motorists to make a right turn on right after coming to a full stop and checking traffic. Unless a No Turn on Red signs is posted, NJ law permits motorists to make a right turn on right after coming to a full stop and checking traffic.

24. Right Turns To make a right turn, drive to the intersection as closely to the right as possible. To make a right turn, drive to the intersection as closely to the right as possible.

25. Left Turns When two vehicles converge at an intersection and both have signaled to turn left, use extra caution! When two vehicles converge at an intersection and both have signaled to turn left, use extra caution! When safe, each driver should turn to the left of the center of the intersection. When safe, each driver should turn to the left of the center of the intersection.

27. Circle Intersections There are no set rules for driving into, around and out of a traffic circle in New Jersey. There are no set rules for driving into, around and out of a traffic circle in New Jersey. Use common sense and caution. Use common sense and caution.

29. Stopping Regulations When a Motorist Must Stop: - At an intersection with a stop sign -At an intersection with a red light, flashing or otherwise -When a traffic officer orders a motorist to stop -When there is a yield sign and traffic does not permit a safe merge -School bus is picking up or dropping off kids; or bus lights are flashing red -At a bridge which is about to open -For Pedestrians in a crosswalk/intersection

30. Stopping a Railroad Crossings Motorists must stop at least 15 feet from railroad crossings when there are flashing lights. Motorists must stop at least 15 feet from railroad crossings when there are flashing lights. Some vehicles ALWAYS stop at railroad crossings, such as school busses /tractor-trailers. Some vehicles ALWAYS stop at railroad crossings, such as school busses /tractor-trailers. Never stop on tracks!! Never stop on tracks!! If a vehicle stalls on the tracks, get out a walk clear if a train is coming!! If a vehicle stalls on the tracks, get out a walk clear if a train is coming!! Note: 500 people/year are hit by trains.

32. Stopping for School Buses & Ice Cream Trucks Do not pass or closely approach a school bus with flashing red lights. Do not pass or closely approach a school bus with flashing red lights. State laws require that motorists stop at least 25 feet away if traveling State laws require that motorists stop at least 25 feet away if traveling When approaching an ice cream truck with flashing red lights, be prepared to stop! When approaching an ice cream truck with flashing red lights, be prepared to stop!

33. Pulling Over & Stopping for Emergency Vehicles NJ state law requires all motorists to yield to emergency vehicles sounding sirens or flashing light NJ state law requires all motorists to yield to emergency vehicles sounding sirens or flashing light Do not park within 200 feet of a fire department vehicle in service. Do not park within 200 feet of a fire department vehicle in service. Never drive over a fire hose unless told to do so by officials. Never drive over a fire hose unless told to do so by officials.

34. Using Lights NJ law requires all motorists to turn a vehicle’s headlights on whenever windshield wipers are in use. NJ law requires all motorists to turn a vehicle’s headlights on whenever windshield wipers are in use. Headlights must also be used between ½ hour before sunset and ½ hour after sunrise. Headlights must also be used between ½ hour before sunset and ½ hour after sunrise. Other types of beams: Overhead lights- inside a vehicle should be used briefly. Overhead lights- inside a vehicle should be used briefly.

35. Parking Regulations Except to avoid an accident or directed by an officer do not park : Except to avoid an accident or directed by an officer do not park : On a crosswalk On a crosswalk Between a safety zone for pedestrians Between a safety zone for pedestrians Near property marked street construction Near property marked street construction In a handicapped marked spot In a handicapped marked spot On a highway On a highway In a bus stop zone In a bus stop zone In front of private or public property In front of private or public property Within an intersection Within an intersection

36. Within 10 ft. of a fire hydrant Within 10 ft. of a fire hydrant Within 25 ft. of a crosswalk Within 25 ft. of a crosswalk Within 50 ft. of a railroad crossing Within 50 ft. of a railroad crossing Within 50 ft. of a stop sign Within 50 ft. of a stop sign Within 75 ft. on the street opposite of a fire station Within 75 ft. on the street opposite of a fire station On any bridge On any bridge Next to another vehicle parked at the curb (double parking) Next to another vehicle parked at the curb (double parking) In any area where parking is prohibited In any area where parking is prohibited

37. Littering Fines of up to $1,000 can be issued. Fines of up to $1,000 can be issued.

38. Helmets & Cellular Phones Bicycle riders, skateboarders etc. under 17 must wear a helmet. Bicycle riders, skateboarders etc. under 17 must wear a helmet. Effective July 1, 2004 in NJ it is illegal to use cell phones when operating a vehicle. Effective July 1, 2004 in NJ it is illegal to use cell phones when operating a vehicle. Hands-free cell phones are usable. Hands-free cell phones are usable. **Cell Phone Video **

39. Making a Three-Point Turn (K-Turn) You cannot make a K-Turn on a highway, turnpike and parkways. You cannot make a K-Turn on a highway, turnpike and parkways.

40. Chapter 5 Defensive Driving

41. The Accident-Prevention Formula 1. Be Alert 1. Be Alert Never think the other driver will not make a mistake Never think the other driver will not make a mistake Tired drivers increase your risk of an accident tremendously Tired drivers increase your risk of an accident tremendously 2. Be Prepared 2. Be Prepared Learn what to do in case you need to make a quick decision Learn what to do in case you need to make a quick decision 3. Act in Time 3. Act in Time Try not to panic Try not to panic

42. Emotions Emotions can and do effect driving. Emotions can and do effect driving. Impatient drivers tend to speed and rush. Impatient drivers tend to speed and rush. ** Trunk Monkey Video ** Trunk Monkey Video

43. Keep a Space Cushion DO NOT TAILGATE!! DO NOT TAILGATE!! Tailgating- Is following too closely behind the vehicle directly in front of you. Tailgating- Is following too closely behind the vehicle directly in front of you.

44. Changing Lanes and Passing Keep the following points in mind when passing or changing lanes: Keep the following points in mind when passing or changing lanes: Only pass or change lanes if necessary Only pass or change lanes if necessary Only pass if it can be completed without speeding Only pass if it can be completed without speeding Keep a safe following distance, do not tailgate Keep a safe following distance, do not tailgate Check traffic ahead and behind Check traffic ahead and behind Only pass if road permits to do so Only pass if road permits to do so Signal every lane change Signal every lane change Tap horn if necessary to signal to the driver ahead Tap horn if necessary to signal to the driver ahead

45. When being passed: Stay in the proper lane Stay in the proper lane Be careful Be careful Consider slowing down to make the pass easier Consider slowing down to make the pass easier

46. Following Distance The One Car-Length Method The One Car-Length Method There is no perfect rule for determining following distance; KEEP AT LEAST 1 CAR LENGTH for each 10 miles per hour of speed. There is no perfect rule for determining following distance; KEEP AT LEAST 1 CAR LENGTH for each 10 miles per hour of speed.

47. Continued: The Two-Second Rule The Two-Second Rule To use this rule as a gauge safe following distance locate an object (sign, tree etc.) To use this rule as a gauge safe following distance locate an object (sign, tree etc.) At least 2 seconds should elapse between the two cars passing the sign or tree. At least 2 seconds should elapse between the two cars passing the sign or tree. During bad weather, the two-second rule should be increased to 4 or more. During bad weather, the two-second rule should be increased to 4 or more.

48. Road Conditions Wet roads- take extra caution!- road surfaces are most slippery during the 1 st few minutes of rainfall Wet roads- take extra caution!- road surfaces are most slippery during the 1 st few minutes of rainfall City driving- use the 12 second rule!! City driving- use the 12 second rule!! Hydroplaning- starts at about 35 mph Hydroplaning- starts at about 35 mph Can cause a driver to lose control Can cause a driver to lose control At 55mph, tires may totally leave the road At 55mph, tires may totally leave the road To avoid hydroplaning, slow down! To avoid hydroplaning, slow down! If “ABS” kick in keep break pushed to floor, do not pump If “ABS” kick in keep break pushed to floor, do not pump

49. Night Driving Nearly 90% of driving decisions are based on what a person sees. Nearly 90% of driving decisions are based on what a person sees. When driving at night visibility is reduce. When driving at night visibility is reduce. Consider the following factors when driving at night: Consider the following factors when driving at night: Speed Speed Reaction time- distance traveled before hitting breaks Reaction time- distance traveled before hitting breaks Breaking distance- distance needed to come to a complete stop Breaking distance- distance needed to come to a complete stop

50. Focus Questions When should horns be used? When should horns be used? Define hydroplaning. Define hydroplaning. Define uncontrolled intersection. Define uncontrolled intersection. Define acceleration lane. Define acceleration lane. How close to a stop sign can a motorist park? How close to a stop sign can a motorist park? When are right turns on red allowed? When are right turns on red allowed?