1. Chapter 13 – The Great War Section 3 – A Global Conflict Main Idea: WWI spread to several continents and required the full resources of many governments Why It Matters Now: The war propelled the US to a new position of international power, which it holds today

2. War Affects the World Countries try to find ways to break the stalemate Gallipoli Campaign – Allies try and take the Dardanelles, part of the Ottoman Empire. This will beat the Turks and open a supply line to Russia – Repeated Allied assaults on Gallipoli Peninsula, turned into stalemate/trench war

3. Battles in Africa and Asia – Japan defeats German troops in China and Pacific Islands – Many colonial countries sent supplies, troops and other help to their mother countries Hoped to gain independence for helping in the war (Mohandas Gandhi)

4. America Joins the War 1917- Germany started UNRESTRICTED SUBMARINE WARFARE – Subs would sink ships without warning in water around Britain – Sink 3 American ships (Already blew up British Lusitania on May 7, 1915 killing 128 Americans and 1,198 civilians) – Zimmermann Telegram intercepted by British and given to US. – April 2, 1917 President Wilson asks Congress to declare war on Germany

5. War on the Home Front Governments wage TOTAL WAR – Countries devote all their resources to the war effort – Set up RATIONING where people could buy only small amounts of certain items, also needed for war – Govt. used PROPAGANDA (one-sided info designed to persuade) to keep up morale – Women work in factories, offices, shops, and hospitals (where men had once worked)

7. Allies Win the War US entrance tips the balance Russia withdraws – Russian revolution in March 1917, no food or fuel, and refusal of army to fight means no war Russia/German truce…Treaty of Brest-Litovsk signed in March 1918

8. Central Powers Collapse Russian withdraw allows Germany to move troops to the west for last ditch effort – Germany gets within 40 miles of Paris but at cost Exhausted troops and supplies – Fresh US troops help push back – Bulgarians, Ottoman Turks, Austrian-Hungary (in order) surrender – November 9, 1918 Kaiser Wilhelm II steps down and Germany becomes a republic – Armistice signed on November 11, 1918 11/11/11/1918

9. Legacy of the War New technologies Global conflict Death and destruction never seen before – 8.5 million soldiers dead (millions more civilian) – 21 million wounded – $338 billion cost of war ($5.5 trillion in today’s value) – Acres of land, animals and crops destroyed