1. Teacher Notes

4.  WHICH CONTINENT WAS NOT INVOLVED IN WWII?  USE YOUR “INFERENCE” SKILLS TO DETERMINE AN EFFECT OF “EXPLORATION AND COLONIZATION” ◦ Hint: analyze the involvement of India and African nations…

5. http://www.history.com/topics/world-war- i/world-war-i-history/videos/u-boats-sink- the-lusitania-in-1915

6.  British intercept and decode a message send from Germany foreign secretary, Arthur Zimmerman to German ambassador in Mexico  Note said that Germany would help Mexico “reconquer” all the land that it lost to the U.S., if Mexico would ally itself with Germany  Last straw – U.S. joins the war on April 2, 1917

7.  Total war – all resources go to war effort  Governments told factories what to produce and how much  Many factories transformed to produce ammunition  Unemployment almost non-existent (everyone who can… is working)  Rationing – can only buy small amounts of those items that were also needed for the war effort

8.  Propaganda – government censors war news ◦ one-sided information used to persuade people to support war and to keep up morale TURN AND TALK…  The goal of “propaganda” is to promote which “ism”?

9.  Russia is forced to withdraw from war because of revolts on its home front (Russian Revolution)  Czar Nicholas gives up throne and is killed a year later  Finally, Lenin returns and gains power ◦ Lenin insists an end to involvement in war

10.  Central Powers began to crumble ◦ Bulgarians surrender ◦ Ottoman Turks surrender  Revolution in Austria-Hungary brings empire to an end  In Germany, soldiers mutinied (abandoned, quit, ran away) and public outrage forced Kaiser Wilhelm II (German ruler at the time) to step down

11.  Armistice – agreement to stop fighting  Allied forces and Germany sign an armistice on November 11, 1918  Peace talks begin in Versailles ◦ Known as Paris Peace Conference

12. Major players:  Woodrow Wilson (U.S.) – comes up with a “14 point” plan for peace  David Lloyd George (Britain)  Georges Clemenceau (France)  Vittorio Orlando (Italy)  Wilson’s “14 Point” plan is rejected for the most part

13.  Treaty of Versailles signed by Allied forces and Germany on June 28, 1919  League of Nations is created ◦ League of Nations attempts to be the official peacekeeper of Europe ◦ 32 Allied and neutral nations ◦ Basically…Wilson’s “14 th ” point of his peace plan ◦ Unfortunately, without the U.S., it is weak and not really effective

14.  Territorial Losses: Germany has to surrender or return control of many territories such as ALL of its overseas colonies in Africa and the Pacific  Military Restrictions: ◦ Size of German army is limited ◦ Prohibited from importing or manufacturing weapons or war materials ◦ Forbidden to build or buy submarines ◦ Forbidden to have an air force

15.  The “League of Nations” was created to help establish world peace…but wasn’t really successful. What do we have now to act as the “world’s police”?  How do you think Germany felt about the Treaty of Versailles?

16.  Treaty of Versailles of more about revenge than peace  Germany had to accept sole responsibility for the war (take all the blame)  Germany forced to pay $33 billion to Allied forces over the next 30 years (pay Allied forces back for cost of war)  Harsh treatment of German post-world war I leads to World War II