1. A NEW KIND OF WAR Chapter 26.2

2. The World War I Battlefield The trenches stretched hundred of miles across Western Europe and the use of poison gas were a result of the deadlock due to the trenches

3. The World War 1 Battlefield Trench Warfare  Not a new form of warfare  Life in the trenches were terrible  Rain produced muddy unsanitary life style  Hard to remove dead bodies sometimes impossible  Full of lice, rats, and many other creatures  Many times the soldiers were ordered “over the top” which meant to leave their trenches and run to the opposing trenches. This meant running across “ no man’s land” between the two  Thousands of men died there and were left where they fell

4. World War 1 Battlefield New Weapons  Neither side was able to advance with the type of war they were fighting, trench warfare.  Poison gas was the new weapon  It chocked, burned, and blinded the victims  It killed thousands of men  It was very unpredictable, the winds could change and it could blow back on the side that had dropped it  Both side developed gas masks to protect themselves  Rapid fire machine  Modern industry produced artillery and high explosive shells with enormous destructive power  Turn to page 783

5. World War 1 Battlefield Tanks and Aircraft  Tanks were engineered by the British and could cross large amounts of land and were significant at the end of the war  Aircraft were useful from the beginning  First it was used to see the enemies positions  Later they attached machine guns and began air warfare  However these advances did not help on the battlefield. The trench warfare kept the war in a deadlock

6. War on the Home Front These countries realized that to win this new type of war, they need to enact total war, which would use all of societies resources. Governments began to take strong control of their citizens lives

7. War on the Home Front Government Actions  Changes in industry and economics occured  Many of the factors began to produce military resources  Citizens preserved food and other goods for military use  Countries began to censor newspaper and the truth out the war and causalities  Caused people to be against the war  Government created propaganda to make the enemy look brutal and the war essential

8. War on the Home Front Women and The War  Most the men were at war so many of the women went to work  Many of the women worked in the factories to produce goods for the war  Many were nurses and helped the wounded in the war  This changed help begin the view of women in society and the workforce  Also helped women gain the right to vote in many countries

9. Battles on the Western Front In 1915 many Allies had died and the war was looking bleak for the allied forces The Italian Front  May 1915 Italy entered the war and joined the Allied Powers  Italy sent troops to the Austria-Hungary Italian borders  There were many battles but Italy made little progress

10. Battles on the Western Front The Battle of Verdun  February-December 1916  The fortress of Verdun was a strong hold and important to the French since the Roman times.  Germans thought the French would do whatever it took to defend Verdun  They wanted to kill as many French soldiers as possible  “To bleed the French white”  By the end of the campaign 400,000 French had died as did Germans  The stalemate on the Western front continued but it weakened both sides

11. Battles on the Western Front The Battle of the Somme  June – December 1916  British launched an attack on the Germans so they would pull them away from Verdun  They attacked on the Somme Rive in France  By the end 60,000 British had died  No major breakthroughs  Both side lost many men and were weakened even more

12. Battles on the Western Front The Third Battle of Ypres  1917 continued to go badly for the Allied Powers  Spring of 1917 a failed French offensive caused rebellion among the French soliders  The British launched the Third attack on Ypres (in Belgium) on the German but still no major break through  By the end of 1917 the front lines were virtually unchanged

13. War around the World Thirty nations officially took sides in WWI moving it from a war in Europe to an actual World War Turn to page 787

14. War around the World The Gallipoli Campaign  In late 1914 the Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers  They controlled an important location  They controlled the Dardanelles which was part of water route between the black sea and the Mediterranean. The Allies used it to ship supplies to the Russians  In 1915 the Allies wanted to destroy the strong hold the Ottoman Empire had in the Dardanelles. Again this was a failure for the Allies and they lost 200,000 men  However, Ottoman Empire fell because it’s subject in the Arabian Peninsula rebelled and the British sent troops over (T.E. Lawrence) to help the rebellion.  With his help the Arabs overthrew the Ottoman rule

15. War around the World The Armenian Massacre  When the Gallipoli campaign went on a different conflict arouse in the Ottoman Empire  Russia launched an attack in the Caucasus mountains  Home to many Armenian’s  Armenians were the minority group in the Ottoman Empire because they were of Christian religion and the rest of OE was of practiced Islam  Ottoman Empire accused the Armenians of helping the Russians and they began forcibly removing and killing the Armenians in the area  Many accused the Ottoman Empire of genocide- the deliberate destruction of a racial, political, or cultural group

16. War around the World Other Fighting  Other battles were fought across the world in Asia and Africa  Japan declared war on Germany in 1914  As a military agreement with GB  They captured German colonies in China and the Pacific  British and French troops attacked German colonies in Africa  Allied colonies scattered across the world contributed in fighting and supplying the Allied Powers. Many worked as laborers to build supplies  India, Australia, Canada, NZ  Many fought in hopes that they would gain their independence, they soon found out these hopes were in vain.