1. By Jennifer Quillen CH. 13 DEVELOPING STRATEGIES FOR MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION COMPUTATION

2.  Complete-Number Strategies: Students who are not yet comfortable breaking numbers into parts, will approach the numbers in the sets as single groups.  Partitioning Strategies: Students break numbers up in a variety of ways that reflect an understanding of base-ten concepts.  Compensation Strategies: Students look for ways to manipulate numbers so that the calculations are easy. MULTIPLICATION BY A SINGLE-DIGIT MULTIPLIER

3.  Cluster Problems: Encourages students to use facts and combinations they already know in order to figure out more complex computations.  Area Models: Encourages a visual demonstration of the commutative and distributive properties. MULTIPLICATION OF LARGER NUMBERS

4.  Missing-Factor Strategies: Division is defined by missing factors: the number 56/8 is the missing factor in *8=56.  Cluster Problems: Encourages students to use facts and combinations they already know in order to figure out more complex computations. STRATEGIES FOR DIVISION

5.  Front-End Methods: Focus on the leftmost digits in numbers, ignoring the rest. After an estimate is made on the basis of only these front-end digits, an adjustment can be made.  Rounding Methods: A way of changing numbers in the problem to others that are easier to compute mentally.  Compatible Numbers: (Best used in division) Adjust the divisor or dividend or both to close numbers to create a division that results in a whole number.  Using Tens and Hundreds: Sometimes one of the numbers in the problem can be changed to take advantage of how easy it is to multiply or divide by tens, hundreds, and thousands. COMPUTATIONAL ESTIMATION STRATEGIES