1. ORGANIC COMPOUND - IBUPROFEN C13H18O2 BRAND NAMES: ADVIL, GENPRIL, MIDOL IB, MOTRIN IB, PROPRINAL, SMART SENSE CHILDREN'S IBUPROFEN Emma Van Der Mark

2. History of Ibuprofen In the 1960s Ibuprofen was developed by the British drug manufacturer and retailer Boots Laboratories as a result of research in the 1950 and 1960s to find a safer, more powerful alternative to aspirin. A team led by Stewart Adams, part of Boots, discovered that carboxylic acid was the agent in aspirin that gave the anti-inflammatory property. Therefore after synthesizing and testing more than 600 compounds created from these acids, the most active was chosen for a clinical trial. After they found it to be ineffective to treat rheumatoid arthritis they tried other compounds and ended up finding that ibuprofen was the most effective and useful compound. Adams initial idea was to use ibuprofen as a cure for hangovers but in 1969 in the United Kingdom it was released as a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. Then, later in the early 1980s ibuprofen was available for over the counter uses in the United States and United Kingdom. As a result of the development of ibuprofen, Boots was awarded the Queens Award for Technical Achievement in 1987.

3. How its synthesized commercially and biologically Out of the many commercial and biological ways to synthesize Ibuprofen, the two most popular ways are by the Boot process and the Hoechst process. The Boot process which was created by the Boot Pure Drug Company is an older commercial process compared to the Hoechst process, created by the Hoechst Company. Not only is the Boot process older but it also requires 6 steps compared to the Hoechst process which only requires 3 steps as a result of the added catalysts. Many of the ways used to synthesize Ibuprofen start off with isobutylbenzene and use Friedel-Crafts acylation (a substitution that allows the synthesis of monoacylated products in the reaction.) Cheminor Drugs, a pharmaceutical company, has developed a new process using chiral synthesis to form an improved version of ibuprofen. By using the chiral synthesis, the pure S-Ibuprofen (the active form of ibuprofen) could almost halve the normal dosage of ibuprofen and also greatly improves on the potential side effects of taking this drug.

4. Properties of Ibuprofen Ibuprofen is an organic compound in the class of propionic acid derivatives. systematic name: 2-(4-isobutylphenyl)propanoic acid Melting point74-77°C Molecular Weight206.28082 g/mol Formal Charge0 Isotope Atom Count0 Topological Polar Surface Area37.3 A² Physical DescriptionSolid ColourColourless, white crystalline stable solid OdorCharacteristic odor Solubility Very soluble in alcohol Slightly soluble in water Water solubility21 mg/L (at 25°C) StabilityStable pKa4.91

5. Uses and side effects of Ibuprofen Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drug (NSAID) that reduces hormones that cause pain in the body. Ibuprofen is used to reduce fever, relieve pain or inflammation caused by conditions such as headache, muscle aches, menstrual cramps, minor injuries or arthritis. Although ibuprofen doesn't have very severe side effects, there are still minor ones that are commonly associated with ibuprofen. Common ibuprofen side effects may include: upset stomach, mild heartburn, nausea, vomiting; bloating, gas, diarrhea, constipation; dizziness, headache, nervousness; mild itching or rash; or ringing in your ears. The gastrointestinal related side effects are caused by the ibuprofen stopping the enzyme that produces prostaglandins. This results in stomach irritation because there would be no decrease in stomach acid and no increase in stomach mucus secretion. Uncommon, more severe side effects include: Fatal heart attack or stroke (after long-term use or high doses); Stomach or intestinal bleeding; Taking ibuprofen within the last 3 months of pregnancy could harm the baby

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