1. Introduction to Emergency Services Occupational Safety and Health & Review of Safety-Related Regulations and Standards Chapter 1 and 2

2.  PhD in progress – Northcentral University Expected Conferral: May 2015  Master of Public Administration – University of Wisconsin – Oshkosh  Career Fire Chief in Milwaukee metropolitan area  All around nice guy

3.  Discuss the history of occupational safety and health in industry.  Discuss the history of emergency service safety and health programs.  Identify, by using historical data, the safety and health problem as it is today.

4.  Describe the efforts that have been made to address the safety and health problem among emergency service occupations.  List the national agencies that produce annual injury and fatality reports for emergency services.  Identify the information that can be obtained from annual injury and fatality reports.

5.  Discuss the difference between regulations and standards.  Discuss the concept of standard of care.  List and discuss federal regulations that have an impact on emergency responder safety and health programs.

6.  List and discuss the major National Fire Protection Association Standards that have an impact on emergency responder occupational safety and health programs.  Discuss the role of related regulations and standards and their safety and health implications.

7.  Hippocrates (460-377 BC)  Paracelsus (1493-1541)  Agricolos (1494-1555)  Bernardino Ramazzini (1633-1714)  1911 fire at Triangle Shirtwaist  Federal Occupational Safety and Health Legislation

8.  Emphasis on occupational safety and health in the emergency services is a new concept when considering the history of the industrial safety  The high injury and death rate for firefighters was accepted as part of the occupation  Early texts that dealt with firefighting had little or no reference to safety and health

9.  One of the first publicized documents making reference to firefighter safety was America Burning in 1973 ◦ focused on firefighter safety from the perspective of staffing, education, and equipment  1980s saw a significant increase in interest in the safety problem

10.  NFPA 1500 ◦ standard was controversial  Emergency services are traditional and reluctant to make and accept change

11.  Changes since NFPA 1500 ◦ Organizational charts reflecting a health and safety officer ◦ Text books on the subject ◦ Safety and health committees ◦ Standard operational procedures with a focus on safety ◦ Incident management systems ◦ Improvements in personal protective equipment ◦ Fitness and wellness programs have been adopted

12.  Local program for local problems  Local statistics can be gathered and the data can be used to determine the local safety and health problems  Local data and information should also be compared to the larger population

13.  Organizations that gather national data ◦ National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) ◦ United States Fire Administration (USFA) ◦ National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) ◦ International Association of Firefighters (IAFF) ◦ Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) ◦ National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

14.  NFPA Firefighter Injury report ◦ Injuries by type of duty ◦ Nature of injuries ◦ Fireground injuries by cause ◦ Injuries per department by population ◦ Rate of injuries per 1000 fires

15.  Risk management  SAFEOPS ◦ Supervision ◦ Attitude ◦ Fitness/wellness ◦ Education ◦ Organizational involvement ◦ Procedures ◦ Standards and regulations

16.  Regulations ◦ Weight of law ◦ Mandatory requirements ◦ The 50 titles of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) ◦ Title 29 CFR which is the Occupation Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) regulations ◦ State Adoption

17.  Standards ◦ Do not mandate compliance ◦ Commonly known as consensus standards  NFPA one example ◦ Not mandatory unless adopted into law by local or state legislation ◦ These standards can become a standard of care

18.  To avoid liability, a responder must perform in the same way as another reasonable person with the same training and equipment would perform

19.  OSHA 1910.146 (29 CFR 1910.146) Permit- required confined spaces  OSHA 1910.134 (29 CFR 1910.134) Respiratory Protection  OSHA 1910.120 (29 CFR 1910.120) Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response  OSHA 1910.156 (29 CFR 1910.156) Fire Brigades  OSHA 1910.1030 (29 CFR 1910.1030) Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens

20.  NFPA 1500 ◦ NFPA 1521 Fire Department Safety Officer ◦ NFPA 1561 Fire Department Incident Management System ◦ NFPA 1581 Fire Department Infection Control ◦ NFPA 1582 Medical Requirements for Fire Fighters

21. NFPA 1583 Standard on health-related fitness programs for firefighters NFPA 1584 Recommended Practice on the Rehabilitation of Members Operating at Incident Scene Operations and Training Exercise NFPA 1710 Standard for the Organization and Deployment of Fire Suppression Operations, Emergency Medical Operations, and Special Operations to the Public by Career Fire Departments

22.  American National Standards Institute  American Society of Testing and Materials  Environmental Protection Agency  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health  Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency Act of 1990, Subtitle B

23.  With good risk management, injury and death rates can be drastically reduced  Still a need for better programs, research, data, and organizational commitment to improve  Regulations can be lawfully enforced  Standards are only enforceable if adopted into law  Regulations and standards often come from OSHA and other local and national organizations  Safety and health are ongoing considerations for which there are many laws and standards