1. Observe What You See!!! Kourtnei Bryant December 2, 2010 WD2-CEC

2. Table of Contents

3. Incas 1.Observatories captured the first and last rays of the sun. 2.Planet Venus appeared as the morning or evening star 3.People made ritual sacrifices to the Sun. 1438 BC to 1532 AD Western South America

4. Arab and Islamic 1.Determine latitude and longitude 2.The stars, particularly the pole star as guides 3.Muslims were praying in direction of Mecca Central Asia to Southern Europe 700-1200 AD

5. Ancient Chinese 1.Circumpolar stars and the moon 2.Lunar eclipses 3.Extensive system of zodiac help guide life of people. 1700-1027 BC Europe and West Asia

6. Ancient Egypt 1.Record time of year for agricultural periods 2.Monuments pointing in cardinal directions to reflect important celestial occurrences revealing time of year 3.Great celebration and start of a new age Northern Africa 3150 BC

7. Babylonians 1.Create a zodiac 2.Twelve constellation that the sun, moon, and the planets travel between their movements through the sky 3.Constellations mark seasons for harvesting or sowing crops. Mesopotamia 2000-3000 BC

8. Pythagoras 1.Postulating that the Earth was spherical 2.Saw that the moon and other celestial bodies were spherical 3.Movement of the planets, sun, moon, and stars were described by whole numbers and mathematical precision Born in 572—492 BCE Europe

9. Comparison Ancient Chinese Arab and Islamic Had something to guide them Lunar Eclipses Determine latitude and longitude Circumpolar of the moon and the stars Looked at the stars Europe and West Asia 700-1200 BC Prayed in direction of Mecca

10. Citations "Inca Civilization." 2010. Web. 24 Nov. 2010. http://www.crystalinks.com http://www.crystalinks.com Welser-Sherrill, Leslie. "Arab and Islamic Astronomy." StarTeach Astronomy Educatiion. 2007. Web. 24 Nov. 2010. http://www.starteachastronomy.com/arab http://www.starteachastronomy.com Shuttleworth, Martyn. "Egyptian Astronomy." 2010. Web. 24 Nov. 2010. http://www.experiment- resources.com/egyptian-astronomy http://www.experiment- resources.com

11. Citations Cont. Shuttleworth, Martyn. "Ancient Chinese Astronomy." 2010. Web. 29 Nov. 2010. http://www.experiment- resources.com/chinese-astronomy http://www.experiment- resources.com/chinese-astronomy Shuttleworth, Martyn. "Ancient Astronomy, Science and the Ancient Greeks." experimentresources.com. 2010. Web. 2 Nov. 2010. http://www.experiment- resources.com/greek-astronomyhttp://www.experiment- resources.com/greek-astronomy