1. Native Peoples Case Study: The Iroquois

2. HAUDENOSAUNEE People Building a Long House

3. Mohawk Iroquois Village

4. Iroquois Longhouse

7. The Iroquoian peoples of Ontario and New York built and lived in longhouses. Their houses are called longhouses because they were longer than they were wide. Longhouses have door openings at both ends. During the winter, these openings would have been covered with skins. There were no windows on the longhouse walls. We know this because the explorers and missionaries wrote that the insides of the houses were dark due to lack of windows. The longhouses were built by the men in the village. The wood for the houses was cut down in the spring when it was still flexible, and brought to the village. The ends of the posts were sharpened into points using stone axes, and some were charred, or burned, to make it last longer in the ground. The walls of the longhouse were made from elm bark that was cut into rectangular slabs to be used for roof shingles and wall siding. longhouses

8. Iroquois Confederacy or Iroquois League was made up of 50 members. Each tribe sent represenatives to annual meetings. These reps were called Sachems. Sachems were chosen by the women of the tribe.

9. Haudenosaunee Council

10. In the past, the Grand Council met yearly to resolve disputes between member nations and plan mutual strategies to protect the member nations and the welfare of the people.

11. What is the Role of the Clan Mother? - to arrange marriages, counsel members, select the male candidate for chief, monitor his actions and remove him from office if necessary. The Clan Mother's title rests within the clan and it is usually passed on to her female relatives, to one deemed most appropriate to become the next Clan Mother.

12. The rights of the women within a clan include the following: Descent of blood that determines citizenship. Possession of official titles for clan mothers, chiefs, faithkeepers, pine tree chiefs and war chiefs. Own the home and all of the furnishings. Children belong to her family. Use of clan lands. Food distribution. Right to nominate, confirm, and depose male chiefs. Right to adopt foreigners or prisoners. Power to forbid brothers and sons from going to war. Power to grant life or death of prisoners. Power to maintain the national resources. Right to burial grounds for brothers, daughters and sons.

13. The Great Law The Great Law brings together three inter-related concepts, that if properly implemented would assure peace among the member nations of the Confederacy. Together these principles make up the underlying beliefs that will unite humans.

14. The Three Principles RIGHTEOUSNESS HEALTH POWER

15. RIGHTEOUSNESS In order to keep violence from interfering in the stability of the community, the people, clans, Chiefs, Clan Mothers and the entire nation must treat each other fairly. Such conduct will assure that political and social justice is maintained. Each individual must have a strong sense of justice, must treat people as equals and must enjoy equal protection under the Great Law. People must be willing to enforce a civil government to oversee that righteousness is enjoyed by all; must shape their own personal conduct so as not to foster resentment or hatred; and must be willing to use the power of reasonable thinking to overcome problems and arrive a mutually beneficial resolution.

16. HEALTH Health means that the soundness of mind, body and spirit will create a strong individual. Health is also the peacefulness that results when a strong mind uses its rational power to promote well-being between peoples, between nations.

17. POWER The laws of the Great Law provide authority, tradition and stability if properly respected in thought and action. Power comes from the united actions of the people operating under one law, with one mind, one heart, and one body. Such power can assure that justice and healthfulness continue. People and nations need to exercise just enough power to maintain the peace and well-being of the members of the Confederacy.

18. Location Location Location!!!

19. Climate Natural resources Lakes Rivers River valleys Geographic Features

20. The Three Sisters

21. Corn, beans and squash, The Three Sisters, were the principal crops of the Iroquois and other Native American groups in the northeastern United States, at the time Europeans arrived here about 1600. By this time, the Iroquois had been planting these three crops together for about 300 years. Corn and beans are not native to this area; they originated in tropical America where they were cultivated by early peoples, long before these crops were cultivated in the northeastern United States. Pumpkins and similar types of squash have a tropical origin, as well

22. Tools: Before the Europeans came to North America, the Iroquois made tools from stone, bone, and antlers. A stone axe A stone adz

23. More Tools two sharp pointed awls and a knife made from bone Fish hook chisel

24. Artifacts