1. T HE U.S. AND I MPERIALISM Notes

2. W HAT IS I MPERIALISM ? A PPROX 1870 S -1910 S Imperialism is when a more powerful country has influence or control over a less powerful country.

3. W HAT IS AN EMPIRE ? A group of states or countries under a single supreme authority

4. M ONROE D OCTRINE Review: What was the Monroe Doctrine? Stated Europe could not form any more colonies in North or South America. Any attempt to create a new colony would be considered an act of war against the U.S. Why was this created? This was used to stop other nations from expanding.

5. T HE B EGINNING OF A MERICAN I MPERIALISM … The idea of Manifest Destiny, or that the U.S. must expand its borders west to the Pacific Ocean, really took hold in the 1800s. In foreign relations, the U.S. started to gain power around the world…

6. W HY IMPERIALISM ? What led to the quest to become an empire? 1. Economic interests and the Industrial Revolution Wanted new customers and new places to invest Begin to look at Africa, Asia, and Latin America for new sources of raw materials for their factories 2. Military needs Strong navies were built to protect their shores and trading interests Navies need to refuel...

7. W HY IMPERIALISM ? C ONTINUED 3. Ideology Nationalism-love of one’s country, increase power and prestige Cultural superiority If you don’t have much industry, you are “backward,” my culture is better than yours Social Darwinism “only the fittest would survive” in competition between nations Social responsibility to “civilize” the inhabitants of less civilized nations

8. W HY IMPERIALISM ? C ONTINUED 4. Scramble for Territory By the late 1800s, European powers had taken control of much of Africa and Asia Many Americans wanted the U.S. to claim its own territories abroad (overseas) Also wanted to spread Christianity, democratic values

9. R EVIEW QUESTIONS 1. America wanted to expand. How is it ironic that America also had the Monroe Doctrine? 2. How did Manifest Destiny predict imperialism? 3. What FOUR main reasons did America want to become an empire? 4. What is nationalism? 5. What is cultural superiority? 6. Explain Social Darwinism. 7. Why would the U.S. want more territory?

10. E ARLY E XAMPLES OF U.S. I MPERIALISM Alaska Purchased from Russia for $7.2 million in 1867 Why important? Gold, copper, silver, coal, lead, tin, timber, furs, fish Why important today? Serves as home to military bases/oil to refuel/cars Part of North Warning System-radar stations to report early warnings of enemy missiles or aircraft Refueling base for commercial airliners

11. E ARLY E XAMPLES OF U.S. IMPERIALISM Pacific -Use the islands for military bases, to refuel, raw materials -Commercial economic interests

12. E ARLY E XAMPLES OF U.S. IMPERIALISM … Hawaii In 1898, the U.S. takes control of Hawaii’s struggling economy. Despite strong resistance from Queen Liliuokalani, the U.S. now controls Hawaiian sugar, and has a base to land to refuel ships in the Pacific. Pineapples (Stanford B. Dole Granted statehood in 1959

13. H AWAII

14. E ARLY E XAMPLES OF U.S. I MPERIALISM …. Japan In 1853, U.S. warships led by Matthew Perry, go to Japan to open up trade in the pacific. U.S. weapons and technology revolutionize Japan in the years to come. Roosevelt and the Great White Fleet 1907 four battleships sail around the world to demonstrate the strength of the U.S.

15. E ARLY E XAMPLES OF U.S. I MPERIALISM... China Spheres of Influence Geographic area where an outside nation exerts special economic or political control Open Door Policy Proposed by Secretary of State John Hay in 1899 Aim to give all nations equal trading rights in China Great Britain, Germany, France, Japan and Russia did not agree to this policy but didn’t reject it.

16. K EY Q UESTION … Does a nation have the right to be imperialistic towards another? Consider Hawaii and examples from society today…

17. THE U.S. BUILDS A MODERN NAVY … The U.S. begins to risk war for economic interests overseas… Many minor conflicts with European countries in Central and South America. This leads to expansion for two reasons… Increase naval bases around the world. New businesses and resources in other countries.

18. A LL I S B UILDING U P TO …. The Spanish American War in 1898. The Building of the Panama Canal. The U.S. involvement in a century worth of conflicts overseas. A globalized world.