1. Study Project TRANS-CSP Trans-Mediterranean Interconnection for Concentrating Solar Power (WP02 Scenario) Project for the Research & Development Programme of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) NREA

2. WP02 Scenario Scope: Develop a sustainable scenario for power generation in Europe taking into consideration the transfer of solar electricity from MENA Result: A well balanced mix of renewables with fossil fuel backup can provide low cost, secure and compatible electricity for Europe. Solar electricity imports can significantly reduce the electricity cost.

3. Driving Force for Electricity Demand: Growth of Economy

4. Driving Force for Electricity Demand: Population

5. Driving Force for Electricity Demand: Electricity Intensity 1960 1980 2000 2020 2040 Electricity/Capita [kWh/cap] GDP/Capita [1000 US$ 1996 PPP] Year Fitting Empirical Data of 25 (150) Countries y = a x b

6. Development of the Per Capita Electricity Demand

7. Gross Electricity Demand in the Analysed Countries

8. Plenty Renewable Energy Resources in EUMENA Biomass (1) Wind Energy (30) Geothermal Energy (1) Hydropower (30) Solar Energy (250) In brackets: (Typical Yield in GWh el /km²/y) Every 10 km² in MENA yield 15 million barrels of fuel oil per year in form of solar energy

9. Economic Renewable Electricity Potentials vs. Demand in EUMENA > 630 000 Sustainable Mix ?

10. Parameters for Electricity Cost Calculation in the Scenario

11. Specific Investment of Power Technologies (Example Spain) Nuclear power: increasing cost of waste disposal and security

12. CO 2 Capture and Sequestration (CCS) included in fossil fueled generation costs after 2020 CSP in solar only operation Electricity Cost of Power Technologies (Example Spain)

13. TRANS-CSP: Electricity Generation in Europe 5 resources, mostly imported and limited 10 resources, mostly domestic and unlimited 

14. TRANS-CSP: Import Dependency vs. Current Trend

15. TRANS-CSP: Installed Capacity in Europe At any time, peak power demand is covered with an extra 25 % reserve of firm power capacity

16. TRANS-CSP delivers Power on Demand: Peaking vs. Fluctuating Capacity

17. A Well Balanced Mix provides Firm Power on Demand Hourly time series modelling of power supply in the TRANS-CSP scenario

18. A Well Balanced Mix provides Firm Power on Demand required peaking capacity

22. Renewable Energy Resource Indicators FLh Annual Full Load Hours T HDR Temperature of Hot Dry Rocks in 5000 m Depth DNI Direct Normal Irradiance GTI Global Irradiance on Surface tilted by Latitude

23. Renewable Electricity Potentials in TWh/y